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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 30.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 9;282(3):252–258. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.017

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

DNA damage was induced by PM exposure as determined by localization of γH2AX. SIGCs were treated with (A) DMSO, (B) 3 μM PM or (C) 6 μM PM for 24 or 48 h and γH2AX protein localized using immunofluorescence staining (A–C). Blue represents DAPI nuclear stain; red staining indicates a FITC labeled primary antibody against γH2AX protein. (D) Values represent % of γH2AX positive cells (out of a total of ~150 cells per slide) ± SE; n = 3 per treatment/timepoint. Different letters indicate difference from CT; P < 0.05. γH2AX protein appearance indicates DNA DSB formation, which was subsequent to DNA adduct detection.