Table 1.
Study Population Characteristics by Father's Occupational Class, Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-up Study, 1974–2009
|
Overall (
n
= 613)
|
Father's Occupational Class
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Low (Class 4–6) (
n
= 256)
|
High (Class 1–3) (
n
= 357)
|
||||||||
| % | No. | Mean (SD) | % | No. | Mean (SD) | % | No. | Mean (SD) | |
| Socioeconomic position at birth | |||||||||
| Low paternal occupational class a | 41.8 | 256 | |||||||
| Maternal education, years | 11.8 (3.3) | 10.0 (3.0) | 13.0 (3.0) | ||||||
| Paternal education, years | 12.2 (4.0) | 9.6 (2.9) | 14.0 (3.6) | ||||||
| Maternal perinatal characteristics | |||||||||
| Age at delivery, years | 28.3 (5.8) | 27.8 (6.0) | 28.7 (5.6) | ||||||
| Prepregnancy BMI b | 24.3 (3.9) | 24.5 (4.0) | 24.2 (3.8) | ||||||
| Parity c | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (1.8) | 2.0 (2.2) | ||||||
| Any smoking in pregnancy | 12.6 | 77 | 18.4 | 47 | 8.4 | 30 | |||
| Immigrant from the West | 16.8 | 103 | 8.6 | 22 | 22.7 | 81 | |||
| Daughter's perinatal characteristics | |||||||||
| Birth weight, g | 3,298 (599) | 3,302 (597) | 3,296 (602) | ||||||
| Birth weight <2,500 g | 13.1 | 80 | 11.3 | 29 | 14.3 | 51 | |||
| Daughter's life-course mediators | |||||||||
| Adolescent overweight d | 20.9 | 128 | 18.8 | 48 | 22.4 | 80 | |||
| Married | 78.7 | 474 | 76.8 | 192 | 80.1 | 282 | |||
| Ultraorthodox | 18.7 | 112 | 6.5 | 16 | 27.4 | 96 | |||
| Years of education | 14.9 (2.6) | 14.4 (2.5) | 15.3 (2.6) | ||||||
| Number of children | 2.4 (2.1) | 1.9 (1.6) | 2.7 (2.4) | ||||||
| Daughter's adult phenotype | |||||||||
| Height, cm | 162.0 (6.1) | 161.7 (6.1) | 162.2 (6.2) | ||||||
| Weight, kg | 68.0 (14.7) | 68.0 (15.1) | 68.0 (14.5) | ||||||
| BMI b | 25.9 (5.4) | 26.0 (5.4) | 25.9 (5.5) | ||||||
| Waist-to-hip ratio (× 100) | 78.7 (6.2) | 78.6 (5.8) | 78.7 (6.5) | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 99.6 (10.5) | 99.3 (11.4) | 99.9 (9.8) | ||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 69.6 (8.7) | 69.5 (9.8) | 69.6 (7.9) | ||||||
| Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.7 (33.8) | 186.0 (35.7) | 182.1 (32.3) | ||||||
| Serum HDL-C, mg/dL | 57.0 (15.1) | 56.4 (14.7) | 57.5 (15.3) | ||||||
| Serum LDL-C, mg/dL | 108.1 (28.5) | 110.2 (29.8) | 106.6 (27.4) | ||||||
| Obese, BMI ≥30 | 20.0 | 122 | 20.4 | 52 | 19.6 | 70 | |||
| Metabolic syndrome e | 5.1 | 31 | 6.3 | 16 | 4.2 | 15 | |||
| Any term, low birth weight children | 13.5 | 61 | 13.5 | 25 | 13.4 | 36 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation.
a Defined by father's occupational class being in the bottom half (i.e., classes 4–6 ).
b Weight (kg)/height (m) 2 .
c Number of self-reported previous livebirths, including those who have since died.
d Self-reported as “slightly overweight” or “significantly overweight” in grades 4–6 (around age 10–12 years).
e Based on International Diabetes Federation year 2006 criteria, a subject has metabolic syndrome if she has central obesity defined as a waist circumference ≥80 cm or BMI ≥30 and at least 2 of the following: triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg, and/or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL.