FIG 10.

Glutamine antagonists inhibit T-cell proliferation in vitro. Spleen CD3⁺ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28. Stimulated cells were either supplemented with glutamine [Gln(+)], deprived of glutamine [Gln(−)], or treated with glutamine antagonists (DON and ACI) in glutamine-supplemented medium. (A) CFSE proliferation assay of stimulated T cells after 72 h. (B) Quantitation of CFSE data. (C and D) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of the T-cell growth factors IL-2 (C) and IFN-γ (D). Error bars represent standard errors of the means for three biological replicates. Data are representative of the results of at least two independent experiments. ***, P < 0.001 (as determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's posttest).