FIG 5.

The expression of ERVK RT is markedly enhanced in cortical neurons from patients with ALS and associates with increased levels and enhanced nuclear translocation of IRF1 and NF-κB. Representative confocal micrographs show ERVK RT, IRF1, and NF-κB p50 and p65 protein detection in Brodmann area 6 motor cortex tissues from an ALS patient (individual 5215) and a neuronormal control (individual 3371). ERVK RT expression was increased in the perinuclear region and in the axons of large pyramidal neurons in the ALS motor cortex. This occurred concomitantly with increased IRF1 (A), NF-κB p50 (B), and NF-κB p65 (C) nuclear translocation in cortical neurons. Five total tissues were examined for each clinical group.