FIG 4.

Induction of host innate immune response during infection with reassortant viruses. (A) Human CD14⁺ MDMs were infected at an MOI of 1 for 24 h, and the levels of various cytokines and chemokines in the supernatant were determined using an immunospot blot array. Values represent those from a heat map of the mean fold change in the level of expression with respect to the level in a mock-infected sample (Mock). sTREM-1, serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CSF2 and CSF3, colony-stimulating factors 2 and 3, respectively. (B, C) A549 cells were infected at an MOI of 5, cell lysates were generated at the indicated times, and the polypeptide composition was determined by TMT-based quantitative mass spectrometry. (B) Values represent those from a heat map of the mean fold change with respect to the value for mock-infected samples. The zoomed portion shows a subcluster of heavily upregulated antiviral proteins. (C) The quantitative temporal expression of specific antiviral restriction factors Mx-1, IFIT2, OASL, IFIT3, IFIT1, and IFIH1 is plotted.