What, in your opinion, is indicative of the presence or absence of a significant threat to amphibians from PPPs?

Presence of threat:

Spatial and temporal coincidence of PPP application with the presence of amphibians

Exposure in water and on land owing to their special life cycle

Laboratory studies in which effects are observed at full and reduced application rate

Population declines in nature

Absence of threat:

Uncertainty in terms of actual exposure

Relative impact of other factors

Relevance to population trend is unclear

Exposure reduced by crop canopy