Table 3.
Tetracyclines and their metabolites and transformation products found in manure
| Substance | Reference | Matrix | Origin | Min | Max | Unit | Dry matter content, comments or quotation | n | n positive | % positive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlortetracycline | [48] | Pig manure | Austria | 0.100 | 46.000 | mg/kg (dw) | “Liquid manure” (ns) | 30 | 17 | 57 |
| [20] | Pig manure | Germany (NI) | 1.100 | 330.700 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.5–16.8 % (mean 5 %) | 344 | 44 | 13 | |
| [24] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.090 | 0.100 | mg/kg (ww) | (ns) | 2 | 2 | 100 | |
| [23] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.900 | 1.000 | mg/kg (dw) | 9.6–9.8 % | 3 | 2 | 67 | |
| [25] | Pig manure | Germany (BY) | 0.100 | 50.800 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.2–17.3 % (mean 3.7 %) | 380 | 140 | 37 | |
| [28] | Pig and poultry manure | China | 0.150 | 14.700 | mg/kg (dw) | “Liquid swine manure” (ns) | 6 | 4 | 67 | |
| [31] | Pig manure | Denmark | 1.100 | 15.700 | mg/kg (dw) | 2.8–13.4 % | 6 | 5 | 83 | |
| [51] | Pig manure | Japan | 0.240 | 0.280 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 5 | 2 | 40 | |
| [51] | Cattle manure after fermentation | Japan | – | 0.001 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 8 | 1 | 13 | |
| [54] | Pig manure | China | 0.053 | 764.407 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 126 | 122 | 97 | |
| [56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | – | 3.600 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 7 | 21 | |
| [58] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.100 | 46.000 | mg/kg (dw) | 1.2–28 % | 30 | 17 | 57 | |
| [66] | Pig manure | Czech Republic | – | 5.880 | mg/kg (ns) | “Liquid hog manure” (ns) | 5 | 1 | 20 | |
| [75] | Pig manure | Germany (BY) | 0.600 | 2.000 | mg/L (ww) | 1–2 % | 3 | 3 | 100 | |
| [77] | Pig manure | Germany | 1.100 | 25.700 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.7–16.1 % | 176 | 18 | 10 | |
| [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.160 | 27.590 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 72 | 50 | |
| Epi-chlortetracycline | [31] | Pig manure | Denmark | 1.700 | 14.100 | mg/kg (dw) | 2.8–13.4 % | 6 | 5 | 83 |
| Doxycycline | [25] | Pig manure | Germany (BY) | 0.100 | 0.700 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.2–17.3 % (mean 3.7 %) | 380 | 5 | 1 |
| [31] | Pig manure | Denmark | 0.550 | 3.100 | mg/kg (dw) | 2.8–13.4 % | 6 | 6 | 100 | |
| [66] | Pig manure | Czech Republic | – | 0.990 | mg/kg (ns) | “Liquid hog manure” (ns) | 5 | 1 | 20 | |
| [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.230 | 13.500 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 21 | 15 | |
| Metacycline | [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.140 | 5.860 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 50 | 35 |
| Oxytetracycline | [48] | Pig manure | Austria | 0.290 | 29.000 | mg/kg (dw) | “Liquid manure” (ns) | 30 | 22 | 73 |
| [43] | Cattle manure | Italy | – | 19.000 | mg/kg (ns) | “Heap” (ns) | 1 | 1 | 100 | |
| [20] | Pig manure | Germany (NI) | 1.600 | 136.200 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.5–16.8 % (mean 5 %) | 344 | 10 | 3 | |
| [25] | Pig manure | Germany (BY) | 0.100 | 0.900 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.2–17.3 % (mean 3.7 %) | 380 | 16 | 4 | |
| [31] | Pig manure | Denmark | 0.048 | 1.500 | mg/kg (dw) | 2.8–13.4 % | 6 | 3 | 50 | |
| [51] | Pig manure | Japan | – | 0.013 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 5 | 1 | 20 | |
| [51] | Cattle manure after fermentation | Japan | – | 0.001 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 8 | 1 | 13 | |
| [54] | Pig manure | China | 0.044 | 172.874 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 126 | 114 | 90 | |
| [56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | – | 1.490 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 5 | 15 | |
| [58] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.210 | 29.000 | mg/kg (dw) | 1.2–28 % | 30 | 22 | 73 | |
| [77] | Pig manure | Germany | 1.600 | 136.200 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.7–16.9 % | 176 | 9 | 5 | |
| [79] | Pig, cattle and poultry manure | China | 0.150 | 59.590 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 143 | 50 | 35 | |
| [33] | Cattle manure | Turkey | – | 0.060 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 1 | 1 | 100 | |
| Epi-oxytetracycline | [31] | Pig manure | Denmark | 0.330 | 0.450 | mg/kg (dw) | 2.8–13.4 % | 6 | 2 | 33 |
| Tetracycline | [48] | Pig manure | Austria | 0.360 | 23.000 | mg/kg (dw) | “Liquid manure” (ns) | 30 | 22 | 73 |
| [24] | Pig manure | Germany | 3.200 | 4.000 | mg/kg (ww) | (ns) | 2 | 2 | 100 | |
| [23] | Pig manure | Germany | 14.100 | 41.200 | mg/kg (dw) | 9.6–9.8 % | 3 | 3 | 100 | |
| [25] | Pig manure | Germany (BY) | 0.100 | 46.000 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.2–17.3 % (mean 3.7 %) | 380 | 111 | 29 | |
| [28] | Pig and poultry manure | China | 0.180 | 0.840 | mg/kg (dw) | “Liquid swine manure” (ns) | 6 | 4 | 67 | |
| [31] | Pig manure | Denmark | 0.091 | 1.600 | mg/kg (dw) | 2.8–13.4 % | 6 | 5 | 83 | |
| [51] | Pig manure | Japan | 0.005 | 0.015 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 5 | 3 | 60 | |
| [51] | Cattle manure after fermentation | Japan | – | 0.001 | mg/kg (ns) | (ns) | 8 | 2 | 25 | |
| [54] | Pig manure | China | 0.037 | 19.417 | mg/kg (dw) | (ns) | 126 | 107 | 85 | |
| [56] | Pig and cattle manure | Germany (NW) | – | 2.450 | mg/kg (dw) | Liquid and stable manure (ns) | 34 | 12 | 35 | |
| [58] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.360 | 23.000 | mg/kg (dw) | 1.2–28 % | 30 | 22 | 73 | |
| [78] | Pig manure | Germany (NW) | 0.600 | 66.000 | mg/L (ww) | “Pig slurry” (ns) | 181 | 43 | 24 | |
| [77] | Pig manure | Germany | 0.900 | 43.100 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.7–16.8 % | 176 | 87 | 49 | |
| [20] | Pig manure | Germany (NI) | 0.700 | 45.700 | mg/kg (ww) | 0.5–16.8 % (mean 5 %) | 344 | 152 | 44 | |
| Epi-tetracycline | [31] | Pig manure | Denmark | 0.061 | 0.990 | mg/kg (dw) | 2.8–13.4 % | 6 | 5 | 83 |
dw dry weight, ww wet weight, ns not specified