Table 1.
Characteristics of healthy volunteers and COPD patients
| Characteristics | Healthy controls (N=51)
|
COPD (N=84)
|
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsmokers (HN, 33) |
Smokers (HS, 18) |
Nonsmokers (CN, 41) |
Smokers (CS, 43) |
||
| Age, years | 59.21±10.64 | 56.94±12.52 | 60.27±9.32 | 63.74±9.63 | 0.076 |
| Sex, male/femalea | 10/23 | 17/1 | 12/29 | 43/0 | <0.001b |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.04±5.40 | 20.11±7.75 | 23.50±2.79 | 22.50±2.75 | 0.057 |
| Current smokers (%) | NA | 14 (77.78) | NA | 29 (67.44) | 0.544a |
| Former smokers (%) | NA | 4 (22.22) | NA | 14 (32.56) | |
| Pack-years for ever-smokers | NA | 23.01±13.91 | NA | 28.15±20.48 | 0.356 |
| Passive smoke exposure (%)a | 11 (33.33) | 5 (27.78) | 10 (24.39) | 10 (23.26) | 0.771a |
| FEV1, L | 2.28±0.84 | 3.11±0.56 | 1.68±0.50 | 2.05±0.71 | <0.001b |
| FVC, L | 2.99±0.95 | 4.04±0.62 | 2.87±0.62 | 3.72±0.81 | <0.001b |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 81.38±5.68 | 77.39±5.51 | 58.03±10.88 | 57.67±9.69 | <0.001b |
| FEV1/Pre, % | 110.00±19.05 | 111.44±15.05 | 79.37±21.31 | 81.70±19.24 | <0.001b |
| FEV3/FVC, % | 95.00±3.68 | 92.17±3.91 | 79.49±9.92 | 77.89±9.39 | <0.001b |
| MMEF25–75, L/s | 2.17±0.95 | 2.70±1.04 | 0.73±0.35 | 0.84±0.52 | <0.001b |
| MMEF25–75/Pre, % | 70.57±23.84 | 77.69±22.74 | 24.66±11.59 | 26.14±14.02 | <0.001b |
| PAI-1, ng/mL | 99.29±37.14 | 109.74±35.69 | 114.43±49.00 | 136.16±52.61c–e | 0.006b |
| suPAR, pg/mL | 697.26±366.34 | 698.12±339.84 | 797.06±412.79 | 746.52±507.10 | 0.829 |
| CRP (μg/mL) | 1.08±1.12 | 1.06±1.19 | 1.91±2.50 | 2.84±3.08c,d | 0.005b |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation;
χ2 test was used to test the significance of the difference between two groups;
these characteristics are significantly different between groups;
represents significance for CS versus HN;
for CS versus HS;
for CS versus CN. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; kg/m2, kilogram per square meter; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; MMEF, maximum midexpiratory flow; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; suPAR, soluble urokinase-type activator receptor; CRP, C-reactive protein; NA, not applicable.