Table 3.
Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for adults with ADHD in Europe and the US
| Germany (n=100), % |
Northern Europe (n=130), % |
UK (n=101), % |
Europe (n=331), % |
US (n=100), % |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Currently treated with ADHD medicationa | 54.0 | 62.3 | 58.4 | 58.6 | 57.0 |
| Methylphenidate | 40.0 | 50.8 | 35.6 | 42.9* | 10.0 |
| Amphetamine | 5.0 | 4.6 | 19.8 | 9.4* | 31.0 |
| Atomoxetine | 6.0 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 11.0 |
| Clonidine | 9.0 | 3.1 | 15.8 | 8.8* | 0.0 |
| Guanfacine | 3.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Other | 8.0 | 6.9 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 |
| Combination | 13.0 | 6.9 | 17.8 | 12.1* | 3.0 |
| Ever received nonpharmacological Tx | 72.0 | 59.2 | 74.3 | 67.7* | 54.0 |
| Counseling | 50.0 | 26.9 | 39.6 | 37.8 | 40.0 |
| CBT | 34.0 | 32.3 | 33.7 | 33.2* | 15.0 |
| Mediation/breathing exercise | 28.0 | 16.9 | 15.8 | 19.9 | 21.0 |
| Diet/supplements | 20.0 | 12.3 | 27.7 | 19.3* | 10.0 |
| Biofeedback, neurofeedback, or QEEG training | 3.0 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 7.0 |
| Interactive metronome training | 8.0 | 3.9 | 12.9 | 7.9 | 3.0 |
Notes:
*
Significant differences between respondents with ADHD in Europe and the US (P<0.05);
a
the percentage of respondents who indicated taking each of the medications listed (multiple choice allowed).
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; QEEG, quantitative electroencephalogram; Tx, treatment.