Table 6.
Health care resource utilization (in the past 6 months) of adults with and without ADHD in Europe and the US
| Germany (n1=100; n2=100) |
Northern Europe (n1=130; n2=149) |
UK (n1=101; n2=100) |
Europe (n1=331; n2=349) |
US (n1=100; n2=100) |
Europe vs US (ADHD)a |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diff/OR | P-value | ||||||||
| Total provider visits, mean (SD) | |||||||||
| ADHD | 12.5 (13.8)* | 7.2 (10.5)* | 7.8 (10.5)* | 9.0 (11.8)* | 3.5 (4.6)* | 5.48b | <0.001 | ||
| Non-ADHD | 4.3 (9.1) | 2.4 (3.7) | 2.8 (5.0) | 3.1 (6.1) | 1.8 (3.9) | – | – | ||
| ER visits, (%) | |||||||||
| ADHD | 30.0* | 19.2* | 44.6* | 30.2* | 21.0 | 1.21c | 0.519 | ||
| Non-ADHD | 7.0 | 7.4 | 18.0 | 10.3 | 11.0 | – | – | ||
| Hospitalizations, (%) | |||||||||
| ADHD | 32.0* | 15.4* | 33.7* | 26.0* | 13.0 | 1.58c | 0.195 | ||
| Non-ADHD | 5.0 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 7.2 | 10.0 | – | – | ||
Notes:
Significant differences between adults with and without ADHD in each country/region (P<0.05);
the figures above show the differences in health care resource utilization between adults with ADHD cohorts in Europe and the US, controlling for the interaction between ADHD status and region, as well as sociodemographics and comorbidity variables
differences in the least squares means. A difference of more than zero indicates more frequent visits to health care providers by adults with ADHD in Europe
differences in the least squares means, expressed in terms of OR. OR >1 indicates greater odds of using resources among ADHD cohorts in Europe. n1 and n2 represent the sample sizes of adults with and without ADHD, respectively, in each country.
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Diff, difference; ER, emergency room; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; vs, versus.