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. 2015 Nov 11;3:73–82. doi: 10.2147/HP.S95960

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© 2015 Knowles. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Modification of the HIF-mediated switch to anaerobic respiration in osteoclasts.

Notes: Osteoclasts specifically increase flux through both the glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial ETC to provide ATP and ROS necessary for bone resorption. HIF-regulated genes are shown in red. Green type indicates downstream effects of modulation of HIF target genes.

Abbreviations: Glut-1, glucose transporter 1; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PFKFB4, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 4; ALDOC, aldolase C; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; COX4-1/2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1/2; ETC, electron transport chain; ROS, reactive oxygen species; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein; LON, lon protease homologue, mitochondrial; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; coA, co-enzyme A.