Table 1.
Maternal and Fetal Arterial Biochemistry
| CON | IUGR | IUGR+AA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal arterial biochemistry | |||
| Glucose (plasma, mmol/L) | 3.83 ± 0.13 | 3.91 ± 0.06 | 3.98 ± 0.20 |
| Lactate (plasma, mmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.0 |
| pH | 7.44 ± 0.00 | 7.44 ± 0.01 | 7.44 ± 0.01 |
| pCO2 (mm Hg) | 34.3 ± 0.6 | 35.6 ± 0.8 | 35.3 ± 0.7 |
| pO2 (mm Hg) | 87.1 ± 1.7 | 87.7 ± 1.5 | 90.6 ± 2.4 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 32.1 ± 1.1 | 32.3 ± 1.0 | 30.7 ± 0.6 |
| sO2 (%) | 95.4 ± 0.6 | 95.8 ± 0.6 | 96.5 ± 0.5 |
| O2 content (mmol/L) | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.1 |
| Fetal arterial biochemistry | |||
| Glucose (plasma, mmol/L) | 1.04 ± 0.03 | 0.74 ± 0.04a | 0.72 ± 0.06a |
| Lactate (plasma, mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 1.4a,b |
| pH | 7.37 ± 0.00 | 7.36 ± 0.00 | 7.35 ± 0.01 |
| pCO2 (mm Hg) | 49.9 ± 0.9 | 51.4 ± 0.5 | 52.0 ± 1.2 |
| pO2 (mm Hg) | 19.6 ± 0.6 | 15.6 ± 0.5a | 14.2 ± 1.2a |
| Hematocrit (%) | 37.8 ± 1.4 | 37.5 ± 0.8 | 40.9 ± 1.7 |
| Hemoglobin-O2 saturation (%) | 49.3 ± 2.4 | 35.2 ± 2.0a | 30.5 ± 4.6a |
| O2 content (mmol/L) | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2a | 2.5 ± 0.4a |
| Insulin (plasma, ng/mL) | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.19 ± 0.02a | 0.24 ± 0.03a |
| Glucagon (plasma, pg/mL) | 37.8 ± 3.0 | 49.5 ± 5.1 | 216.5 ± 88.9a,b,c |
| Norepinephrine (plasma, pg/mL) | 641 ± 110 | 1901 ± 532a | 1694 ± 571a,c |
| Cortisol (plasma, ng/mL) | 8.1 ± 1.0 | 29.9 ± 10.0a | 40.7 ± 17.7a,c |
| IGF-1 (plasma, ng/mL) | 132.0 ± 7.9 | 56.4 ± 6.9a | 57.2 ± 13.2a,c |
| Fetal arterial plasma amino acid concentrations (μmol/L) | |||
| Alanine | 295.9 ± 13.3 | 330.2 ± 15.1 | 391.1 ± 91.2 |
| Arginine | 106.2 ± 11.2 | 63.9 ± 5.9a | 93.2 ± 10.1b |
| Asparagine | 44.0 ± 3.3 | 55.4 ± 6.3 | 47.4 ± 14.1 |
| Aspartate | 19.5 ± 1.9 | 16.4 ± 1.2 | 16.4 ± 1.5 |
| Citrulline | 182.4 ± 11.8 | 198.6 ± 13.6 | 204.4 ± 23.2 |
| Cystine | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 13.7 ± 1.4 | 11.1 ± 1.7 |
| Glutamate | 44.7 ± 4.1 | 38.5 ± 3.3 | 24.4 ± 3.5 |
| Glutamine | 394.8 ± 14.7 | 384.9 ± 12.8 | 360.6 ± 45.9 |
| Glycine | 341.4 ± 17.8 | 350.9 ± 17.5 | 387.9 ± 53.7 |
| Histidine | 60.7 ± 4.5 | 63.1 ± 3.5 | 91.6 ± 12.4a,b |
| Isoleucine | 80.8 ± 4.7 | 86.1 ± 5.5 | 129.3 ± 21.8a,b[r |
| Leucine | 126.0 ± 7.9 | 146.2 ± 7.4 | 242.4 ± 39.5a,b |
| Lysine | 87.6 ± 7.8 | 85.7 ± 5.2 | 192.2 ± 53.7a,b |
| Methionine | 86.8 ± 4.6 | 71.2 ± 4.2 | 86.0 ± 10.8 |
| Ornithine | 81.3 ± 6.3 | 76.0 ± 5.9 | 92.2 ± 9.5 |
| Phenylalanine | 95.7 ± 5.7 | 94.1 ± 4.3 | 129.3 ± 24.3a,b |
| Proline | 142.5 ± 8.2 | 171.7 ± 10.7 | 385.0 ± 95.2a,b |
| Serine | 569.9 ± 46.3 | 481.3 ± 46.9 | 317.3 ± 46.2 |
| Taurine | 91.9 ± 12.7 | 164.2 ± 23.4a | 252.5 ± 36.2a,b |
| Threonine | 339.9 ± 27.4 | 272.7 ± 18.0a | 258.8 ± 40.6a |
| Tryptophan | 41.6 ± 2.3 | 39.4 ± 2.6 | 58.4 ± 6.6b |
| Tyrosine | 105.9 ± 5.8 | 106.1 ± 7.8 | 125.6 ± 28.0 |
| Valine | 311.2 ± 18.3 | 392.5 ± 20.3b | 449.8 ± 48.9a,b |
Mean ± SE from measurements made immediately before the final acute physiological studies are presented in CON (n = 17), IUGR (n = 25), and IUGR-AA (n = 10). Groups were compared by one-way ANOVA.
a
Significant difference compared with CON.
b
Significant difference compared with IUGR (P < .05) with Tukey's correction for multiple comparisons.
c
Data were log transformed for analysis.