Figure 2.

Cutaneous wound granulation tissue macrophages are of local tissue origin. A, Restoring VDR expression in keratinocytes of VDR KO (VDR KO^K14VDR) mice does not normalize cutaneous wound macrophage number. Data represent the mean and SD of the number of F4/80-positive macrophages per high-power field in five wounds per genotype. *, P < .0001 vs WT by ANOVA (VDR KO vs VDR KO^K14-VDR, P = NS). B, Parabiosis studies were performed in WT and VDR KO mice differing in GFP status. GFP fluorescence and DAPI nuclear staining of the clot and granulation tissue of day 2 wounds are shown under low magnification (×10). GFP and F4/80 dual immunofluorescence is shown under high power (×20). Data are representative of those obtained with five parabiotic pairs per condition. C, Flow cytometric analyses demonstrate depletion of circulating F4/80-positive cells by clodronate liposomes. D, F4/80 IHC assays of wound macrophages in clodronate liposome- and PBS-injected mice. Graph represents the mean and SD of the number of F4/80-positive cells/hpf. Data are representative of those obtained in six wounds per genotype. DAPI, 4′,6′-diamino-2-phenylindole.