Table 2.
Baseline bioenergetic characteristics of non-human primate subjects enrolled in this study.
| Mean | SD | Range | N | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Platelet basal | 299.0 | 98.8 | 162.2–435.6 | 17 | |
| Platelet oligomycin OCR | 98.3 | 26.4 | 54.4–140.4 | 15 | |
| Platelet MAX | 438.1 | 159.8 | 209.3–699.5 | 17 | |
| Platelet non-mitochondrial OCR | 84.4 | 23.3 | 36.1–124.4 | 17 | |
| Platelet reserve capacity | 139.1 | 78.5 | 27.4–263.9 | 17 | |
| Platelet ATP OCR | 198.4 | 77.9 | 76.8–304.0 | 15 | |
| Platelet leak OCR | 12.2 | 13.5 | −7.2 to 39.1 | 15 | |
| Monocyte basal | 79.6 | 37.3 | 39.3–158.8 | 11 | |
| Monocyte oligomycin OCR | 25.2 | 9.4 | 13.7–37.3 | 9 | |
| Monocyte MAX | 116.2 | 54.9 | 50.6–225.3 | 11 | |
| Monocyte non-mitochondrial OCR | 19.0 | 12.7 | −8.8 to 37.9 | 11 | |
| Monocyte reserve capacity | 36.6 | 19.6 | 10.7–66.4 | 11 | |
| Monocyte ATP OCR | 48.8 | 24.8 | 19.6–86.5 | 9 | |
| Monocyte leak OCR | 4.7 | 10.6 | −20.6 to 13.9 | 9 | |
| Permeabilized fiber basal | 34.8 | 9.2 | 23.4–57.8 | 17 | |
| Permeabilized fiber leak OCR | 33.6 | 12.2 | 21.0–67.1 | 17 | |
| Permeabilized fiber complex I OXPHOS | 93.9 | 22.7 | 60.1–145.7 | 17 | |
| Permeabilized fiber complex I+II OXPHOS | 133.3 | 34.4 | 68.0–197.6 | 17 | |
| Permeabilized fiber cytochrome C membrane integrity | 132.7 | 35.8 | 63.5–200.3 | 17 | |
| Permeabilized fiber MAX | 157.4 | 33.4 | 116.8–215.7 | 17 | |
| Permeabilized fiber non-mitochondrial OCR | 12.0 | 3.8 | 5.1–20.1 | 17 | |
| Left vastus isolated mitochondria CII oligomycin OCR | 117.4 | 50.8 | 43.0–240.5 | 16 | |
| Left vastus isolated mitochondria CII state 3 | 581.4 | 247.9 | 162.1–1082.1 | 16 | |
| Left vastus isolated mitochondria CII MAX | 601.2 | 292.1 | 156.6–1062.0 | 16 | |
| Left vastus isolated mitochondria CII RCR-A | 5.1 | 1.4 | 2.6–8.4 | 16 | |
| Left vastus isolated mitochondria CII RCR-F | 5.1 | 1.5 | 2.5–7.5 | 16 | |
| Cardiac isolated mitochondria CII oligomycin OCR | 162.6 | 68.2 | 47.2–268.5 | 16 | |
| Cardiac isolated mitochondria CII state 3 | 633.4 | 213.9 | 171.9–928.4 | 16 | |
| Cardiac isolated mitochondria CII MAX | 669.1 | 225.7 | 265.6–1052.5 | 16 | |
| Cardiac isolated mitochondria CII RCR-A | 4.1 | 1.0 | 2.8–6.8 | 16 | |
| Cardiac isolated mitochondria CII RCR-F | 4.4 | 1.1 | 2.8–7.2 | 16 | |
ATP=adenosine triphosphate, CII=complex 2, FCCP=Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone, MAX=FCCP-linked respiration, OCR=oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS=oxidative phosphorylation capacity, RCR=respiratory control ratio.
Respiration is measured as oxygen consumption rate (pmol/min/mg protein [platelets], pmol/min/250,000 cells [monocytes], pmol/min/mg dry weight [permeabilized fibers], pmol/min/5 µg mitochondrial protein [left vastus and cardiac tissues]).
In blood cell respiration, Reserve capacity is calculated as the difference between MAX and Basal respiration and Leak is calculated as the difference between Oligo and A/R respiration.
RCRs are calculated as ADP-stimulated State 3 respiration divided by oligomycin-linked respiration (RCR-A) and by MAX respiration divided by oligomycin-linked respiration (RCR-F).
In permeabilized muscle fiber preparations, basal respiration was measured with no added substrates, leak was measured with malate added, complex I OXPHOS capacity was measured using pyruvate, glutamate, and malate with a saturating amount of ADP. Complex I+II OXPHOS capacity was measured using complex I substrates with succinate added. Cytochrome C Membrane Integrity was measured with Complex I+II substrates with cytochrome c added. MAX respiration was measured using complex I+II substrates with FCCP titrations added. Non-mitochondrial respiration was measured with MAX substrates with antimycin-A and rotenone substrates added.
In isolated mitochondrial preparations, CII respiration was measured using succinate and rotenone as substrates and using ADP, oligomycin, and FCCP injections to measure State 3, oligomycin, and MAX, respectively.