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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2016 Apr 1;9(1):10.1002/wnan.1403. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1403

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Virus-like particles (VLPs) as an Ebola vaccine candidate. (A) Transmission electron microscope images of Ebola viruses (left) and VLPs (right). (B) Mice were immunized three times with Ebola VLPs (eVLPs), inactivated Ebola viruses (iEBOV) or Marburg viruses (iMARV), or PBS, followed by a challenge with the mouse-adapted Ebola virus. (C) and (D) Humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by Ebola VLPs were augmented by polyI:C. (C) A low dose of VLPs along with 100 ng-100 μg polyI:C elicited high serum titers of antigen-specific IgG. (D) Splenocytes from immunized mice were cultured with Ebola GP, followed by stimulation with an Ebola GP peptide in vitro. Robust effector T cells were induced by immunization with 10 μg VLPs and polyI:C. (A) and (B) reproduced with permission from ref. 54; (C) and (D) reproduced with permission from ref. 57.