Table 1. Characteristics of invasive melanoma cases and their matched controls in the DNHR and the KPNC database.
|
DNHR |
KPNC |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |
| (n=7045) | (n=70 450) | (n=2972) | (n=29 307) | |
| Age, median (IQR, years) | 61 (49–70) | 61 (49–70) | 64 (55–73) | 64 (55–73) |
| Use of PDEIs | ||||
| Non-use | 6597 (93.6%) | 66 295 (94.1%) | 2404 (80.9%) | 23 842 (81.4%) |
| Ever use | 448 (6.4%) | 4155 (5.9%) | 568 (19.1%) | 5465 (18.6%) |
| High use (⩾100 tablets) | 113 (1.6%) | 879 (1.2%) | 133 (4.5%) | 1351 (4.6%) |
| Drugs | ||||
| Oral steroids | 939 (13.3%) | 9784 (13.9%) | 257 (8.7%) | 2706 (9.2%) |
| Weak/moderate topical steroids | 812 (11.5%) | 8351 (11.9%) | 301 (10.1%) | 3146 (10.7%) |
| Strong/very strong topical steroids | 1037 (14.7%) | 11 390 (16.2%) | 420 (14.1%) | 4549 (15.5%) |
| Thiazides | 1285 (18.2%) | 12 676 (18.0%) | 679 (22.9%) | 6093 (20.8%) |
| Beta-blockers | 1482 (21.0%) | 14 837 (21.1%) | 806 (27.1%) | 8212 (28.0%) |
| ARBs | 1188 (16.9%) | 11 438 (16.2%) | 144 (4.9%) | 1444 (4.9%) |
| Low-dose aspirin | 1615 (22.9%) | 16 956 (24.1%) | NA | NA |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs | 2265 (32.2%) | 22 824 (32.4%) | 677 (22.8%) | 6670 (22.8%) |
| Antidepressants | 1118 (15.9%) | 11 996 (17.0%) | 389 (13.1%) | 4309 (14.7%) |
| Statins | 1664 (23.6%) | 16 701 (23.7%) | 978 (32.9%) | 9859 (33.6%) |
| Diagnosesa | ||||
| Non-melanoma skin cancer | 222 (3.2%) | 644 (0.9%) | 813 (27.4%) | 3900 (13.3%) |
| Diabetes | 496 (7.0%) | 4931 (7.0%) | 500 (16.8%) | 4927 (16.8%) |
| COPD | 185 (2.6%) | 2710 (3.8%) | 322 (10.8%) | 3753 (12.8%) |
| Alcohol-related disease | 219 (3.1%) | 3244 (4.6%) | 127 (4.3%) | 1392 (4.8%) |
| Moderate/severe renal disease | 97 (1.4%) | 789 (1.1%) | 245 (8.2%) | 2234 (7.6%) |
| Highest education achieved | ||||
| Short (⩽10 years) | 1659 (23.5%) | 21 450 (30.4%) | NA | NA |
| Medium (11–13 years) | 3225 (45.8%) | 30 399 (43.1%) | NA | NA |
| Long (<13 years) | 1931 (27.4%) | 14 875 (21.1%) | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: ARBs=angiotensin-II receptor blockers; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DNHR=Danish Nationwide Health Registries; IQR=interquartile range; KPNC=Kaiser Permanente Northern California; NA=not applicable; NSAIDS=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PDEIs=phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitors.
a
Based on hospital diagnoses in the DNHR and both inpatient and outpatient diagnoses in the KPNC database.