Table 1. Baseline characteristics and univariate analysis.
|
Diabetic patients |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Level | Non-diabetic, number (%) | All diabetic, number (%) | Total, number (%) | P-value | No insulin, number (%) | Insulin, number (%) | P-value |
| Total | All | 848 (77%) | 257 (23%) | 1105 | 111 | 144 | ||
| Trial | ESPAC-1 trials | 139 (85%) | 25 (15%) | 164 | 12 (52%) | 11 (48%) | ||
| ESPAC-3 trial | 709 (75%) | 232 (25%) | 0.011 | 99 (43%) | 133 (57%) | 0.512 | ||
| Gender | Female | 387 (80%) | 94 (20%) | 481 | 40 (43%) | 54 (57%) | ||
| Male | 461 (74%) | 163 (26%) | 624 | 0.013 | 71 (44%) | 90 (56%) | 0.913 | |
| Weight, kg | Median (IQR) | 66 (58, 75) | 72 (62, 80) | 68 (58, 76) | <0.001 | 72 (64, 80) | 72 (60, 80) | 0.583 |
| Age, years | Median (IQR) | 63 (56, 69) | 65 (57, 71) | 63 (56, 70) | 0.04 | 67 (59, 71) | 63 (57, 70) | 0.015 |
| Smoking status | Never | 326 (79%) | 88 (21%) | 414 | 43 (49%) | 44 (51%) | ||
| Past | 327 (74%) | 113 (26%) | 440 | 46 (41%) | 66 (59%) | |||
| Present | 145 (76%) | 47 (24%) | 192 | 0.303 | 20 (43%) | 27 (57%) | 0.483 | |
| WHO performance status | 0 | 286 (76%) | 90 (24%) | 376 | 39 (43%) | 51 (57%) | ||
| 1 | 419 (77%) | 127 (23%) | 546 | 55 (43%) | 72 (57%) | |||
| 2 | 92 (75%) | 31 (25%) | 123 | 0.895 | 12 (39%) | 19 (61%) | 0.889 | |
| Resection margin status | Negative | 571 (78%) | 165 (22%) | 736 | 74 (45%) | 90 (55%) | ||
| Positive | 277 (75%) | 92 (25%) | 369 | 0.391 | 37 (41%) | 54 (59%) | 0.578 | |
| Tumour stage | 1 | 64 (68%) | 30 (32%) | 94 | 13 (43%) | 17 (57%) | ||
| 2 | 187 (72%) | 71 (28%) | 258 | 32 (45%) | 39 (55%) | |||
| 3 | 425 (79%) | 114 (21%) | 539 | 46 (40%) | 68 (60%) | |||
| 4 | 22 (63%) | 13 (37%) | 35 | 0.016 | 6 (46%) | 7 (54%) | 0.922 | |
| Lymph node involvement | Negative | 258 (74%) | 91 (26%) | 349 | 42 (46%) | 49 (54%) | ||
| Positive | 588 (78%) | 164 (22%) | 752 | 0.138 | 69 (43%) | 93 (57%) | 0.678 | |
| Local invasion at surgery | No | 504 (77%) | 149 (23%) | 653 | 64 (43%) | 84 (57%) | ||
| Yes | 330 (76%) | 105 (24%) | 435 | 0.666 | 47 (45%) | 58 (55%) | 0.911 | |
| Maximum tumour size | Mean (s.d.) | 29.67 (14.53) | 33.59 (20.64) | 30.59 (16.25) | 0.026 | 302.68 (15.24) | 34.32 (24.10) | 0.507 |
| Tumour differentiation | Moderate | 517 (78%) | 147 (22%) | 664 | 60 (41%) | 87 (59%) | ||
| Poor | 202 (76%) | 64 (24%) | 266 | 29 (46%) | 34 (54%) | |||
| Well | 118 (74%) | 42 (26%) | 160 | 0.505 | 21 (50%) | 21 (50%) | 0.519 | |
| Concurrent medical condition | No | 474 (84%) | 89 (16%) | 563 (53%) | 43 (48%) | 46 (52%) | ||
| Yes | 341 (68%) | 159 (32%) | 500 (47%) | <0.001 | 63 (37%) | 96 (63%) | 0.233 | |
| Operation | Distal panc. | 62 (73%) | 23 (27%) | 85 | 14 (61%) | 9 (39%) | ||
| Pyl. Pres. | 267 (78%) | 74 (22%) | 341 | 32 (44%) | 41 (56%) | |||
| Total pancreatectomy | 11 (26%) | 31 (74%) | 42 | 5 (16%) | 26 (84%) | |||
| Whipple's | 503 (80%) | 129 (20%) | 632 | <0.001 | 60 (47%) | 68 (53%) | 0.005 | |
| Post-operative Complications | No | 635 (77%) | 194 (23%) | 829 | 86 (45%) | 106 (55%) | ||
| Yes | 204 (77%) | 62 (23%) | 266 | 1 | 25 (40%) | 37 (60%) | 0.639 | |
| Treatment | 5-Fluorouracil | 501 (78%) | 141 (22%) | 642 | 60 (43%) | 79 (57%) | ||
| Gemcitabine | 347 (75%) | 116 (25%) | 463 | 0.259 | 51 (44%) | 65 (56%) | 0.999 | |
| Tumour location | Body | 24 (77%) | 7 (23%) | 31 | 4 (57%) | 3 (43%) | ||
| Head | 511 (74%) | 178 (26%) | 689 | 70 (39%) | 108 (61%) | |||
| Other | 6 (86%) | 1 (14%) | 7 | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Tail | 22 (81%) | 5 (19%) | 27 | 3 (60%) | 2 (40%) | |||
| Uncinate | 19 (95%) | 1 (5%) | 20 | 0.216 | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0.3 | |
| Completed therapy | No | 390 (78%) | 111 (22%) | 501 | 49 (45%) | 60 (55%) | ||
| Yes | 458 (76%) | 146 (24%) | 604 | 0.473 | 62 (42%) | 84 (58%) | 0.788 | |
| Time to start of therapy | Median (IQR) | 7.86 (6.57, 9.71) | 8 (6.14, 9.71) | 8 (6.57, 9.71) | 0.391 | 8.214 (5.75, 9.68) | 8 (6.57, 9.71) | 0.559 |
Abbreviations: Distal panc.=distal pancreatectomy; ESPAC=European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer; IQR=interquartile range; Pyl. Pres.=pylorus preserving duodenopancreatectomy; WHO=World Health Organization.