Table I. Variance components of the different mixed models for grain yield.

Statistical Model	Type	Ga	G × ECb	G × Lc	G × Yd	G × L × Ye	Resf
Model M1: Multi-envt	Variance component (t ha−1)2	0.359		0.130	0.054	0.133	0.480
Model M2: Multi-envt + EC	Variance component (t ha−1)2	0.353	0.039	0.118	0.053	0.140	0.452
Model M3: Multi-envt, multilocus	Variance component (t ha−1)2	0.074	0.012	0.064	0.039	0.080	0.370
Model M1: Multi-envt	sd as % of mean	9.1		5.5	3.5	5.5	10.5
Model M2: Multi-envt + EC	sd as % of mean	9.0	3.0	5.2	3.5	5.7	10.2
Model M3: Multi-envt, multilocus	sd as % of mean	4.1	1.7	3.9	3.0	4.3	9.3
QTLs (diff. var. comp. model 2–3 in %)	­	79	69	45	26	43	18

The general mean of grain yield was 6.57 t ha⁻¹.

^aGenotype.

^bGenotype by environmental classification.

^cGenotype by location.

^dGenotype by year.

^eGenotype by location by year.

^fExperiment-specific residual error variances.