Figure 4.

d-LDH and CYTc deficiency increase the sensitivity of plants to d-lactate and MGO. Wild-type (WT) plants and different mutants in d-LDH, CYTc-1, and CYTc-2 were grown on plates containing 0.5× Murashige and Skoog medium alone (MS) or supplemented with the indicated concentrations of d-lactate (DL) or MGO. dldh1-1 and dldh1-2 are two different insertional mutants in the DLDH gene; cytc-1b is an insertional knockdown mutant in CYTC-1; cytc-2a and cytc-2b are knockout mutants in CYTC-2; cytc-1b2a and cytc-1b2b are the respective double mutants (Supplemental Fig. S9; for details about the mutants, see Engqvist et al. [2009] and Welchen et al. [2012]). A, Images of representative plants at day 7 after germination. Bar = 10 mm. B, Area of seedlings of the different genotypes at day 7 after germination grown under different conditions. The results are expressed as means ± sd of 100 seedlings from three different experiments. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. Asterisks indicate significant differences from wild-type plants (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; and ****, P < 0.0001).