Fig. 1.

Variation in the weighted effect of male status on RS, as a function of RS measure and marriage system (polygyny vs. monogamy) based on averaged coefficients (Table 2). Overall effect size based on intercept-only model. Before metaanalysis, all effect sizes were coded such that positive signs indicate positive contributions to RS (e.g., a negative effect of status on offspring mortality was coded as positive). Point size and line width are proportional to the number of results contributing to each weighted effect size.