Table S1.
Definitions of time intervals across North America and Europe and summary statistics of mammalian and paleobotanical Neogene fossil records
| Land mammal ages or units | Stratigraphic stages | Order | Climate | ||||||||||||||
| Europe | America | Global | Artiodactyla | Carnivora | Perissodactyla | Primates | Proboscidea | ||||||||||
| Name | Start, Mya | Name | Start, Mya | Name | Start, Mya | Genus no. | Locations | Genus no. | Locations | Genus no. | Locations | Genus no. | Locations | Genus no. | Locations | Stratigraphic | Automatic |
| MN01 | 23.80 | Ar3 | 23.00 | Aquitanian | 23.00 | 65 | 47 | 44 | 35 | 25 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 20 |
| MN02 | 22.80 | ||||||||||||||||
| MN03 | 20.00 | Ar4 | 19.50 | Burdigalian | 19.50 | 93 | 179 | 77 | 119 | 44 | 131 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 63 | 26 | 26 |
| MN04 | 18.00 | He1 | 18.80 | ||||||||||||||
| He2 | 17.50 | ||||||||||||||||
| MN05 | 17.00 | Ba1 | 16.00 | Langhian | 16.00 | 76 | 137 | 69 | 86 | 40 | 116 | 2 | 24 | 8 | 78 | 61 | 49 |
| MN06 | 15.20 | Ba2 | 14.80 | Serravallian | 13.60 | 88 | 190 | 78 | 97 | 38 | 149 | 8 | 32 | 12 | 121 | 135 | 123 |
| MN07 | 12.50 | Cl1 | 12.50 | ||||||||||||||
| MN09 | 11.20 | Cl2 | 12.10 | Tortonian | 11.60 | 131 | 360 | 113 | 241 | 48 | 395 | 13 | 58 | 18 | 267 | 68 | 93 |
| MN10 | 9.50 | Cl3 | 10.10 | ||||||||||||||
| MN11 | 9.00 | Hh1 | 9.00 | ||||||||||||||
| MN12 | 8.20 | Hh2 | 7.60 | ||||||||||||||
| MN13 | 7.10 | Hh3 | 6.80 | Messinian | 7.20 | 74 | 68 | 69 | 60 | 27 | 81 | 3 | 13 | 9 | 35 | 53 | 39 |
| Hh4 | 5.90 | ||||||||||||||||
| MN14 | 5.30 | Bl1-4 | 4.90 | Early Pliocene | 5.32 | 81 | 137 | 60 | 87 | 16 | 115 | 4 | 25 | 11 | 100 | 22 | 23 |
| MN15 | 4.20 | ||||||||||||||||
| MN16 | 3.40 | ||||||||||||||||
| MN17 | 2.60 | Bl5 | 2.50 | Late Pliocene | 2.60 | 45 | 54 | 41 | 42 | 8 | 55 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 44 | — | — |
| – | 1.95 | – | 1.90 | – | 1.80 | ||||||||||||
| Total dataset | 320 | 1,075 | 239 | 702 | 86 | 991 | 21 | 156 | 24 | 679 | 306 | 240 | |||||
Time intervals were the MN units in Europe and NALMA in North America: Arikareean (Ar); Barstovian (Ba); Blancan (Bl); Clarendonian (Cl); Hemingfordian (He); Hemphillian (Hh). End dates of the youngest time interval are given in the second-last row. For each order of large terrestrial mammals and in each stratigraphic stage, the total number of genera observed and the number of spatially unique locations are given; climate data are summarized as the final number of paleo-climatic records from paleobotanical locations that could be used to calculate the NPP for each of the two datasets (SI Materials and Methods), one in which records were allocated manually to stratigraphic stages and one in which allocation was automatic based on the absolute age range given for the paleo-climatic record. The final row gives counts of unique genera, locations, and paleo-climatic records across all the stratigraphic stages (counts within stages do not sum up to these counts across stages because genera, locations, and paleo-climatic records can extend over multiple stages).