Table 3.

Association of Early Life State Mortality Risk Score with Mortality (N=100,687).

	Hazard Ratio [95% CI]
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
State mortality risk score	0.96⁎	0.97⁎	0.97
	[0.93, 1.00]	[0.93, 1.00]	[0.93, 1.00]
Female	0.73⁎⁎	0.74⁎⁎	0.76⁎⁎
	[0.67, 0.80]	[0.68, 0.82]	[0.69, 0.84]
Race (ref=white)
Black	1.22⁎⁎	1.16⁎⁎	1.13⁎⁎
	[1.12, 1.32]	[1.08, 1.25]	[1.06, 1.21]
Hispanic	0.74⁎⁎	0.71⁎⁎	0.68⁎⁎
	[0.60, 0.91]	[0.58, 0.87]	[0.56, 0.82]
Other	0.73	0.73	0.70⁎
	[0.52, 1.04]	[0.52, 1.04]	[0.49, 1.00]
Hourly emp status		1.21⁎⁎	1.20⁎⁎
		[1.15, 1.27]	[1.14, 1.26]
Work state indicators	No	No	Yes

Sample includes employees at Alcoa for whom we have administrative data. Analyses were carried out on the 70% test subset of the sample using Cox proportional hazards models, with robust standard errors clustered by early life state-of-residence. Additional controls included 10-year birth cohort. State mortality risk score was constructed using a 30% training subset of the larger sample using standardized measures of early life state unemployment, median income, percentage with less than a high school education, percent urban, percent white, and Gini coefficient.

^⁎P<0.05.

^⁎⁎P<0.01.