Table 4.

Impact of mobile technologies on clinical practice outcomes

Clinical outcomes	Evidence of impact identified in the qualitative studies	Evidence of impact identified in the quantitative/survey studies
Medical residents and physicians’ usage and perceived needs for PDAs		Increased trends of use of PDAs in clinical practice, decisions support, patient education, teaching medical students and increased interest for future apps (Franko & Tirrell 2012, Khan et al. 2007, Morris et al. 2007, Ranson et al. 2007, De Groote & Doranski 2004) Decreased medical errors and increased efficiency (Carroll & Christakis 2004)
Use of PDAs in nursing clinical education and practice	Improved professional image and quality of care (Fisher & Koren 2007) Improved client care and increased use of clinical reference tools (Garrett & Klein 2008)	Supported clinical decision making (Stroud et al. 2005) Improved access to information and improved contact with the university (Walton et al. 2005) Supported clinical decision making, promoted patient safety and increased productivity (Stroud et al. 2009)
Use of handheld devices in drug prescription		Increased accuracy, speed and confidence (Flannigan & McAloon 2011) Improved access to drug information, practice efficiency, drug‐related decision making and patient care (Rothschild et al. 2002)