Table A2.
Characteristics Associated With Antibiotic Prescribing in Ambulatory Visits, 2006–2011
| Factor | Proportion of Visits in Which Antibiotics Were Prescribed | P(χ2) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) for Antibiotic Prescribing |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | |||
| Provider Type | <.0001 | ||
| NP or PA absent | 12% | 1.00 | |
| NP or PA present | 17% | 1.31 (1.19–1.43) | |
| Age | <.0001 | ||
| 0–17 | 20% | 1.00 | |
| 18–39 | 14% | 1.04 (.97–1.11) | |
| 40–59 | 11% | 0.84 (.79–.90) | |
| 60+ | 8% | 0.70 (.65–.76) | |
| Sex | <.01 | ||
| Male | 13% | 1.00 | |
| Female | 12% | 1.02 (.98–1.06) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||
| White | 12% | 1.00 | |
| Black | 13% | 0.93 (.87–1.00) | |
| Other | 11% | 0.78 (.70–.86) | |
| Setting | <.0001 | ||
| Office | 11% | 1.00 | |
| Outpatient department | 12% | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | |
| Emergency department | 21% | 2.15 (2.02–2.28) | |
| United States Census region | <.0001 | ||
| Northeast | 11% | 1.00 | |
| Midwest | 13% | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) | |
| South | 14% | 1.28 (1.14–1.44) | |
| West | 11% | 1.10 (.96–1.26) | |
| Insurance status | <.0001 | ||
| Private | 13% | 1.00 | |
| Public | 11% | 0.86 (.82–0.91) | |
| Self-pay/other | 13% | 0.94 (.88–1.00) | |
| Metropolitan Statistical Area | 0.05 | ||
| Non-metropolitan | 14% | 1.00 | |
| Metropolitan | 12% | 0.89 (.76–1.03) | |
| Comorbiditya | <.02 | ||
| Comorbidity absent | 13% | 1.00 | |
| Comorbidity present | 12% | 1.24 (1.19–1.30) | |
| Diagnosis | <.0001 | ||
| ARTI | 56% | 12.81 | |
| Other diagnosis | 8% | 1.00 |
Abbreviations: ARTI, acute respiratory tract infection; CI, confidence intervals; NP, nurse practitioner; OR, odds ratio; PA, physician assistant.
a A comorbidity was defined as a chronic disease and/or immunosuppressive medication, see Appendix Table 1A.