Fig 1. Fermentation profiles for the GMP runs for PfAMA1-DiCo Drug Substances.

Upper panel. Base consumption and pH. Base consumption (NH₄OH addition) is related to growth and metabolic activity, since NH₄⁺ is the single source of nitrogen. Addition of base compensates the acidification during aerobic growth of microbes in mineral media. A pH setpoint of pH = 6.0 was used throughout the fermentations. Lower panel. Biomass and dissolved oxygen. The offline determined OD₆₀₀ was taken as a measure for biomass (1 OD₆₀₀ ~ 1 g/L w/w). The curves show the typical batch, glycerol fed-batch, methanol adaptation and methanol induction phases of Mut^s Pichia strain fermentations. Black lines; PfAMA1 DiCo1; blue lines, PfAMA1 DiCo2; red lines, PfAMA1 DiCo3.