Table 1. Characteristics of study sample.
Variable | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 106 | 41.4 |
Female | 150 | 58.6 | |
Race | Malay | 124 | 48.4 |
Chinese | 68 | 26.6 | |
Indian | 64 | 25 | |
Educational Level | No formal education | 13 | 5.1 |
Primary | 63 | 24.8 | |
Secondary | 121 | 47.6 | |
Diploma/University | 57 | 22.5 | |
Marital Status | Single | 6 | 2.4 |
Married | 222 | 88.1 | |
Separated/Divorced/Widow | 24 | 9.5 | |
Occupation | Unemployed | 61 | 24.2 |
Employed | 98 | 38.9 | |
Pensioner | 55 | 21.8 | |
Housewife | 38 | 15.1 | |
Treatment | Diet/Oral | 158 | 63.7 |
Insulin | 90 | 36.3 | |
Duration of Diabetes | < 10 yrs | 136 | 60.2 |
≥ 10 yrs | 90 | 39.8 | |
Glycemic Control (HbA1c) | < 48mmol/mol (6.5%) | 79 | 32.5 |
≥ 48mmol/mol (6.5%) | 164 | 67.5 | |
Diabetes Worry | 205 | 82.7 | |
Retinopathy | 103 | 41.5 | |
Neuropathy | 86 | 34.3 | |
Foot ulcer | 35 | 13.8 | |
Renal Complications | 34 | 13.5 | |
Ischemic Heart Disease | 28 | 11.1 | |
Cardiovascular accident | 13 | 5.2 | |
Age Mean(SD) | 56.85(± 10.5) | ||
BMI | 27.69 (± 5.22) | ||
Systolic Blood Pressure | 137.71(± 1.11) | ||
Diastolic Blood Pressure | 76.64 (± 0.75) |