Expression pattern of RBOH genes during LR development and RBOH-mediated effect on LR emergence phenotype. (A) Promoter activities of RBOH genes during LRP development. Seven-day-old seedlings of each pRBOH:nlsGFP:GUS line, as indicated, were GUS stained. Scale bars: 50 μm. (B) Effect of the superoxide dismutases blocker diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC, 1 mM), and the RBOH inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, 1 μM) on LR emergence phenotype, starting from stage I to an emerged LR (E on x-axis). Data points represent mean±c.i. (in two biological replicates, n=20). (C,D) LR emergence phenotype in wild type and RBOH single and higher order mutants, as indicated. Data points represent mean±c.i. (in two biological replicates, n=20). (E) A synchronization of LRP initiation (20 h) and emergence (44 h) is achieved by gravistimulation and occurs at the bending site.