Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Sep 29;11:2409–2417. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S105156

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2016 Pomerenke et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

PMC Copyright notice

Time course of cytokine release from poly(I:C)- and R848-stimulated lung tissue.

Notes: The release of TNFα (A and D), CCL5 (B and E), and IL-6 (C and F) from poly(I:C)- (100 μg/mL) (A–C) and R848-stimulated (10 μg/mL) (D–F) whole tissue explants from smokers and COPD patients (pooled, n=13) were measured after 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours. Data presented as mean with SEM (TNFα and IL-6) or median with range (CCL5). ^{*, **, ***}Refer to significantly above time-matched unstimulated control (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively). Results were obtained using paired t-tests (TNFα and IL-6) and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test (CCL5).

Abbreviations: TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6, interleukin 6; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SEM, standard error of the mean; h, hour(s).