Table 2.
Characteristics of individual studies included in aggregated data set.
| Characteristics | Cross-sectional | Randomized controlled trials | Combined | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia CS | Ethiopia | Colombia | Bolivia | Zambia RCT | DR Congo | India | All studies | All exc. India | |
| Population | |||||||||
| Total households | 254 | 314 | 137 | 59 | 120 | 231 | 2,902 | 4,017 | 1,115 |
| Total individuals | 1,246 | 1,516 | 681 | 317 | 615 | 1,104 | 21,039 | 26,518 | 5,479 |
| Age | |||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 15.6 ± 14.3 | 21.8 ± 18.3 | 19.0 ± 16.8 | 20.8 ± 19.1 | 14.8 ± 14.3 | 21.6 ± 18.5 | 26.8 ± 20.9 | 26.5 ± 20.4 | 19.3 ± 17.2 |
| Median | 11 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 25 | 14 |
| < 5 (%) | 374 (31.9) | 196 (12.9) | 142 (20.9) | 60 (19.0) | 193 (34.0) | 185 (16.8) | 4,298 (20.8) | 5,448 (20.9) | 1,150 (21.5) |
| 5–15 (%) | 307 (26.1) | 534 (35.2) | 231 (34.0) | 108 (34.2) | 155 (27.3) | 348 (31.6) | 2,723 (13.1) | 4,406 (16.9) | 1,683 (31.4) |
| > 16 (%) | 493 (42.0) | 786 (51.8) | 307 (45.1) | 148 (46.8) | 220 (38.7) | 568 (51.6) | 13,691 (66.1) | 16,213 (62.2) | 2,522 (47.1) |
| Follow-up rounds | — | — | 3 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 14 |
| Diarrhea | |||||||||
| Baseline DD prevalence | 13.2 | 8.52 | 21.8 | — | 11.9 | 11.8 | — | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Mean DD prevalence ± SD | — | — | 7.3 ± 3.2 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 2.9 ± 1.8 |
| Total DD observations | 1,246 | 1,517 | 2,736 | 634 | 7,588 | 3,970 | 179,690 | 197,381 | 17,691 |
| Observations with DD and WQ | 1,083 | 1,159 | 1,977 | 542 | 6,131 | 3,681 | 30,479 | 45,052 | 14,573 |
| Season | |||||||||
| Dry (%) | 174 (14.0) | 1,470 (96.9) | 597 (21.8) | 634 (100) | 3,430 (50.4) | 1,970 (49.6) | 25,321 (14.1) | 33,596 (17.1) | 8,275 (48.9) |
| Rainy (%) | 1,072 (86.0) | 47 (3.1) | 2,139 (78.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3,375 (49.6) | 2,000 (50.4) | 154,369 (85.9) | 163,002 (82.9) | 8,633 (51.1) |
| Study arm | |||||||||
| Intervention | — | 748 (49.3) | 1,676 (61.3) | 408 (67.0) | 3,765 (49.6) | 1,928 (48.6) | 88,581 (49.4) | 97,106 (49.3) | 7,377 (48.7) |
| Control | — | 769 (50.7) | 1,060 (38.7) | 201 (33.0) | 3,823 (50.4) | 2,042 (51.4) | 90,785 (50.6) | 99,935 (50.7) | 7,785 (51.3) |
| Abbreviations: CS, cross-sectional; DD, diarrheal disease; RCT, randomized, controlled trial; WQ, water quality. | |||||||||