Table 6.
Diarrhea odds ratios (95% CI) for categories of thermotolerant coliforms in household drinking water.
| Reference | Country | TTC/100 mL drinking water | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 1a | 1 to 10 | 11 to 100 | 101 to 1,000 | > 1,000 | ||
| Peletz et al. 2011 | Zambia CS | |||||
| All ages | — | 0.71 (0.24, 2.09) | 0.84 (0.34, 2.08) | 1.28 (0.68, 2.44) | 2.13 (0.87, 5.21) | |
| Children < 5 | — | 0.26 (0.05, 1.47) | 0.84 (0.28, 2.48) | 1.60 (0.74, 3.46) | 2.31 (0.75, 7.08) | |
| Boisson et al. 2009 | Ethiopia | |||||
| All ages | — | 4.09 (0.81, 20.65) | 1.16 (0.38, 3.54) | 2.49 (0.87, 7.10) | 3.64 (0.96, 13.79) | |
| Children < 5 | — | 3.33 (0.45, 24.48) | 2.20 (0.49, 9.68) | 2.15 (0.52, 8.85) | 0.87 (0.08, 9.26) | |
| Clasen et al. 2006 | Bolivia | |||||
| All ages | — | 0.64 (0.08, 5.46) | 1.79 (0.56, 5.74) | 3.10 (0.80, 11.99) | — | |
| Children < 5 | — | 1.13 (0.11, 11.97) | 3.69 (0.79, 17.19) | 0.95 (0.09, 10.06) | — | |
| Clasen et al. 2005 | Colombia | |||||
| All ages | — | 1.69 (0.83, 3.46) | 1.98 (1.12, 3.52)* | 3.88 (1.93, 7.83)* | — | |
| Children < 5 | — | 1.15 (0.37, 3.61) | 2.34 (1.03, 5.35)* | 3.62 (1.32, 9.89)* | — | |
| Peletz et al. 2012 | Zambia RCT | |||||
| All ages | — | 1.27 (0.74, 2.18) | 1.94 (1.20, 3.15)* | 3.18 (2.02, 4.99)* | 3.33 (2.05, 5.41)* | |
| Children < 5 | — | 1.29 (0.71, 2.37) | 1.81 (1.05, 3.10)* | 2.85 (1.72, 4.71)* | 2.90 (1.68, 4.99)* | |
| Boisson et al. 2010 | DR Congo | |||||
| All ages | — | 1.12 (0.55, 2.30) | 2.00 (1.01, 3.96)* | 1.51 (0.90, 2.54) | 2.26 (1.28, 4.00)* | |
| Children < 5 | — | 1.17 (0.43, 3.17) | 2.28 (0.83, 6.24) | 1.99 (0.99, 4.00) | 2.42 (1.08, 5.46)* | |
| Clasen et al. 2014 | India | |||||
| All ages | — | 1.06 (0.78, 1.44) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 1.20 (0.99, 1.45) | |
| Children < 5 | — | 1.10 (0.65, 1.86) | 1.48 (1.06, 2.07)* | 1.11 (0.82, 1.51) | 1.62 (1.19, 2.21)* | |
| Combined | ||||||
| All ages | — | 1.02 (0.82, 1.26) | 1.21 (1.03, 1.42)* | 1.35 (1.16, 1.57)* | 1.49 (1.27, 1.76)* | |
| Children < 5 | — | 0.94 (0.68, 1.31) | 1.52 (1.20, 1.93)* | 1.50 (1.20, 1.86)* | 1.77 (1.40, 2.24)* | |
| Combined except Clasen et al. 2014 | ||||||
| All ages | — | 1.21 (0.88, 1.68) | 1.66 (1.25, 2.19)* | 2.30 (1.76, 2.99)* | 2.97 (2.17, 4.08)* | |
| Children < 5 | — | 1.02 (0.67, 1.56) | 1.81 (1.29, 2.55)* | 2.28 (1.66, 3.13)* | 2.38 (1.62, 3.51)* | |
|
Abbreviations; CS, cross-sectional; RCT, randomized, controlled trial; TTC, thermotolerant coliforms. a< 1 TTC/100 mL was used as the reference group for calculating ORs. *Significant at α = 0.05. | ||||||