Table 3.
Mean annual direct medical cost (95 % CI) in patients with T2DM according to the degree of glycaemic control
| HbA1c >7 % (>53 mmol/mol) (n = 42,632) | HbA1c ≤7 % (≤53 mmol/mol) (n = 57,759) | Difference between good/bad controla | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total annual direct cost (€) | 3296.5 (3229.6–3363.5) | 2848.5 (2797.9–2899.0) | 448.0 (365.7–530.4) |
| Primary care visits (€) | 329.7 (326.2–333.3) | 302.8 (299.9–305.8) | 26.9 (22.3–31.5) |
| Hospitalizations (€) | 1301.6 (1239.0–1364.2) | 1131.2 (1084.9–1177.5) | 170.4 (92.5–248.2) |
| Referrals (€) | 128.4 (126.8–130.1) | 120.0 (118.7–121.3) | 8.4 (6.4–10.5) |
| Diagnostic tests (€) | 92.2 (91.3–93.1) | 88.2 (87.4–88.9) | 4.0 (2.9–4.7) |
| Self-monitoring blood test strips (€) | 50.0 (49.9–50.1) | 49.9 (49.8–50.0) | 0.1 (−0.1 to +0.2) |
| Medication (€) | 1064.1 (1054.3–1073.8) | 831.2 (823.5–838.8) | 232.9 (220.5–245.3) |
| Dialysis (€) | 23.7 (16.2–31.1) | 41.9 (33.3–50.5) | −18.2 (−6.8 to +29.6) |
aGood control was defined as HbA1c ≤7 % (≤53 mmol/mol)