Table 2. Results of Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis (Full-cohort Analysis).
| Independent variable | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total infused HES (reference: 0 ml) | 0.19 | ||
| 1–999 ml | 0.77 | 0.41–1.46 | 0.42 |
| ≥ 1000 ml | 0.48 | 0.22–1.06 | 0.07 |
| Sex (reference: female) | |||
| Male | 1.59 | 0.87–2.91 | 0.13 |
| ASA–PS classification (reference: 1) | < 0.001 | ||
| 2 | 2.54 | 0.60–10.77 | 0.21 |
| ≥ 3 | 7.85 | 1.76–34.95 | < 0.01 |
| CKD stage (reference: 2) | 0.05 | ||
| 1 | 1.36 | 0.69–2.68 | 0.38 |
| ≥ 3 | 2.12 | 1.16–3.86 | 0.01 |
| Surgery (emergency) | 2.66 | 1.36–5.19 | < 0.01 |
| Use of preoperative diuretics | 1.41 | 0.57–3.52 | 0.46 |
| Estimated blood loss (reference: < 500 ml) | 0.02 | ||
| 500–999 ml | 2.37 | 1.17–4.80 | 0.02 |
| ≥ 1000 ml | 2.74 | 1.16–6.46 | 0.02 |
| Surgical site (reference: laparoscopic colorectal surgery) | 0.89 | ||
| Laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery | 0.70 | 0.33–1.48 | 0.35 |
| Open upper abdominal surgery | 0.73 | 0.35–1.53 | 0.40 |
| Open colorectal surgery | 0.49 | 0.15–1.66 | 0.25 |
| Combination of abdominal and intrathoracic surgery* | - | - | - |
| Superficial surgery | 1.00 | 0.18–5.56 | 0.99 |
| Total crystalloids infusion (ml) | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.47 |
| Total red blood cell transfusion (ml) | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.78 |
| Total albumin infusion (ml) | 1.001 | 1.001–1.002 | < 0.001 |
The Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury was the Dependent Variable (n = 2218). CI: confidence interval, HES: hydroxyethyl starch, ASA-PS: American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, CKD: chronic kidney disease. *There were no patients with acute kidney injury in this category.