Table 5.
Performance comparison of different classification models.
| Dataset | Model | Sp (%) | Se (%) | GMean (%) | Acc (%) | AUC | NPV = 95% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPR (%) | FPR (%) | |||||||
| DS1 | Explicit [6] | 88.84 | 76.95 | 82.68 | 85.41 | 0.9034 | 63.322 | 8.217 |
| Explicit[a] | 89.85 | 76.81 | 83.07 | 86.09 | 0.9123 | 71.111 | 9.227 | |
| Implicit[a] | 92.58 | 73.52 | 82.50 | 87.08 | 0.9149 | 71.202 | 9.239 | |
| Fusion | 91.81 | 74.96 | 82.96 | 86.95 | 0.9172 | 74.063 | 9.611 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS2 | Explicit [6] | 88.63 | 79.55 | 83.97 | 85.99 | 0.9174 | 74.389 | 9.558 |
| Explicit[a] | 89.92 | 80.05 | 84.84 | 87.05 | 0.9272 | 78.879 | 10.135 | |
| Implicit[a] | 92.45 | 76.40 | 84.04 | 87.78 | 0.9318 | 80.983 | 10.405 | |
| Fusion | 91.47 | 78.27 | 84.61 | 87.64 | 0.9324 | 81.468 | 10.468 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS3 | Explicit [6] | 86.58 | 77.69 | 82.01 | 84.03 | 0.8972 | 65.597 | 8.599 |
| Explicit[a] | 87.81 | 78.03 | 82.77 | 85.01 | 0.9074 | 72.506 | 9.505 | |
| Implicit[a] | 90.23 | 74.88 | 82.20 | 85.84 | 0.9112 | 74.256 | 9.735 | |
| Fusion | 89.57 | 76.29 | 82.66 | 85.76 | 0.9122 | 74.819 | 9.809 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS4 | Explicit [6] | 82.75 | 84.81 | 83.77 | 83.91 | 0.9096 | 0.091 | 0.011 |
| Explicit[a] | 83.67 | 85.09 | 84.38 | 84.47 | 0.9153 | 0.051 | 0.004 | |
| Implicit[a] | 88.15 | 82.30 | 85.18 | 84.85 | 0.9192 | 0 | 0 | |
| Fusion | 86.64 | 84.18 | 85.40 | 85.25 | 0.9215 | 0.020 | 0.005 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS5 | Explicit [6] | 79.52 | 86.20 | 82.79 | 83.23 | 0.9084 | 0 | 0 |
| Explicit[a] | 80.70 | 86.64 | 83.62 | 84.00 | 0.9144 | 0 | 0 | |
| Implicit[a] | 86.78 | 82.34 | 84.53 | 84.31 | 0.9135 | 0 | 0 | |
| Fusion | 84.69 | 84.82 | 84.76 | 84.76 | 0.9187 | 0 | 0 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS6 | Explicit [6] | 81.98 | 84.90 | 83.43 | 83.57 | 0.9101 | 0.025 | 0.003 |
| Explicit[a] | 82.80 | 85.49 | 84.13 | 84.26 | 0.9169 | 0 | 0 | |
| Implicit[a] | 88.21 | 81.60 | 84.84 | 84.62 | 0.9168 | 0 | 0 | |
| Fusion | 86.31 | 83.81 | 85.05 | 84.96 | 0.9213 | 19.835 | 0.882 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS7 | Explicit [6] | 77.81 | 84.71 | 81.19 | 81.28 | 0.8905 | 0.010 | 0.001 |
| Explicit[a] | 78.60 | 85.17 | 81.82 | 81.90 | 0.8964 | 0 | 0 | |
| Implicit[a] | 84.19 | 80.46 | 82.30 | 82.31 | 0.8943 | 0 | 0 | |
| Fusion | 82.08 | 83.02 | 82.55 | 82.55 | 0.9000 | 10.769 | 0.561 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS8 | Explicit [6] | 78.31 | 84.74 | 81.47 | 81.71 | 0.8913 | 0 | 0 |
| Explicit[a] | 79.46 | 85.23 | 82.30 | 82.51 | 0.8976 | 0.020 | 0.003 | |
| Implicit[a] | 84.79 | 80.97 | 82.86 | 82.77 | 0.8962 | 0.032 | 0.004 | |
| Fusion | 82.69 | 83.32 | 83.00 | 83.02 | 0.9011 | 10.889 | 0.514 | |
|
| ||||||||
| DS9 | Explicit [6] | 83.97 | 75.40 | 79.57 | 81.48 | 0.8661 | 1.196 | 0.159 |
| Explicit[a] | 84.62 | 76.04 | 80.22 | 82.13 | 0.8778 | 52.160 | 6.722 | |
| Implicit[a] | 87.24 | 70.91 | 78.65 | 82.51 | 0.8733 | 0 | 0 | |
| Fusion | 86.46 | 73.37 | 79.64 | 82.66 | 0.8806 | 53.151 | 6.850 | |
[a]The classification models are obtained by “explicit training” and “implicit training,” respectively, and the results are based on subview prediction.