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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotoxicology. 2016 Jun 23;56:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.011

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effects of concomitant exposure to HG and antiretroviral drug combination on mitochondrial function and Nrf2 expression in BBB endothelial cells. 24h exposure to HG and AZT+IND combination significantly increases mitochondrial superoxide (ROS) content as measured by MitoSOX Red (A) and impair the mitochondrial membrane potential assayed by the ratio of JC-dye red aggregates to green monomers (% control) in hCMEC/D3 cells (B). The mitochondrial superoxide content was further normalized to the protein content. (C) Immunofluorescence analysis of Nrf2 expression and nuclear localization with images captured at 40x (scale = 100μm). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05 vs HG or AZT+IND alone; #p<0.05 and ##p<0.01 vs. control. N=5-6 biological replicates. For immunofluorescence experiments, N=3 biological replicates.