Table 1.
Summary of Medications Associated with Geriatric Syndromes (MAGS)
| Major Medication Category | Delirium | Cognitive Impairment | Falls | Unintentional Weight and appetite loss | Urinary Incontinence | Depression | Drug class/Drug within each category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antipsychotics | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Atypical and Typical Antipsychotics, Buspirone | ||
| Antidepressants | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Antidepressants, Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor, Aminoketone | |
| Antiepileptics | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Antiepileptics, Mood stabilizers, Barbiturates |
| Antiparkinsonism | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylation Inhibitor & Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor, Catecholamine-depleting Sympatholytic, Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor, Dopaminergic Agonist, Ergot derivative, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, Nonergot Dopamine Agonist, | |
| Benzodiazapines | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Benzodiazapines only | |||
| Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Benzodiazepine Analogs, Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotics, Tranquilizers, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Agonist | |||
| Opioid agonists | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Full or Partial Opioid Agonists, Opiates, Opioids | |
| Non-Opioid/Non-Steroidal Anti inflammatory and/or Analgesics | ✓ | Non -Opioid Analgesics, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX-2 selective inhibitor NSAIDs | |||||
| Antihypertensives | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Calcium Channel Blocker, Beta Adrenergic Blocker, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker, Alpha Adrenergic Blocker, Diuretics (Loop, Potassium sparing, Thiazide), Nitrate Vasoldilators, Aldosterone blocker | |||
| Antiarrhythmic | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac Glycosides | |||
| Antidiabetics | ✓ | ✓ | Insulin and Insulin Analogs, Sulfonylureas, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor, Amylin Analog, Biguanide, Glinide, GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist | ||||
| Anticholinergics and/or Antihistaminics | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Anticholinergics, Histamine Receptor Antagonists, Muscarininc Antagonists, Combined Anticholinergics and Histamine Receptor Antagonists | ||
| Antiemetics | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Antiemetics, Dopaminergic Antagonists, Dopamine-2 Receptor Antagonist | |||
| Hormone Replacement | ✓ | Corticosteroids, Progestin, Estrogen, Estrogen Agonist/Antagonist, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor Agonist | |||||
| Muscle Relaxers | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Muscle Relaxers | ||
| Immunosuppressants | ✓ | Calcineurin Inhibitor Immunosuppressant, Folate Analog metabolic Inhibitor, Purine Antimetabolite | |||||
| Non-Opioid Cough Suppressants & Expectorants | ✓ | Expectorant, Non-narcotic Antitussive, Sigma-1 Agonist, Uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist | |||||
| Antimicrobiasl | ✓ | ✓ | Macrolide, Cephalosporin, Penicillin class, Rifamycin, Non-Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Influenza A M2 Protein Inhibitor | ||||
| Others | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Beta3-Adrenergic Agonist, Methylxanthine, Cholinesterase Inhibitor, Interferon Alpha and Beta, Partial Cholinergic Nicotinic Agonist, Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Retinoid, Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist, Stimulant Laxative, Vitamin K Antagonist, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor |
**
Associated syndrome checked if at least two or more medications within the wider class are associated with the syndrome