Table 4.
Association Between Maternal Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Risk of Any Neural Tube Defect or of Spina Bifida in Offspring, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2002
| BMI Category | Controls | Any neural tube defect |
Spina bifida |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAH exposure | n | n | Crude OR (95% CI) | n | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | n | Crude OR (95% CI) | n | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) |
| Normal or Underweight | |||||||||
| Not exposed (referent) | 1779 | 260 | 1.00 | 260 | 1.00 | 142 | 1.00 | 142 | 1.00 |
| Exposed | 48 | 14 | 2.00 (1.08–3.67) | 14 | 1.71 (0.91–3.19) | 12 | 3.13 (1.63–6.03) | 12 | 2.59 (1.32–5.07) |
| Overweight or Obese | |||||||||
| Not exposed (referent) | 1046 | 220 | 1.00 | 220 | 1.00 | 152 | 1.00 | 152 | 1.00 |
| Exposed | 55 | 8 | 0.69 (0.32–1.47) | 8 | 0.62 (0.29–1.34) | 5 | 0.63 (0.23–1.59) | 5 | 0.60 (0.23–1.54) |
a
Adjusted for secondhand smoking at home and study center.
b
Adjusted for education.
BMI, body mass index; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.