Figure 4.

Identification of Pheromones Required for Inducing Male Courtship Behaviors in Females

(A) Schematic showing appendages and associated sensory modalities involved in courtship behaviors (modified from [25]).

(B) Courtship index displayed by dsx^brain>TrpA1 females with intact or severed sensory modalities when paired with a wild-type male at 33°C. n = 20–30.

(C and D) Volatile olfactory cues trigger male-like behaviors in dsx^brain>TrpA1 females. (C) Schematic of assay in which a dsx^brain>TrpA1 female is paired either with a male in the same courtship chamber or separated from two males by mesh. (D) Courtship index displayed by dsx^brain>TrpA1 virgin females in contact or without contact (+ mesh) with male targets at 22°C (gray box) or 33°C (yellow box). n = 20.

(E–H) Identification of pheromones promoting male-like behaviors in dsx^brain>TrpA1 females.

(E) A dsx^brain>TrpA1 female was placed in a courtship chamber with either a male (wt) or an oenocyte-less male (OE⁻).

(F) Courtship index displayed by dsx^brain>TrpA1 females paired with target flies at 22°C (gray box) or 33°C (yellow box).

(G) Schematic of assay in which a dsx^brain>TrpA1 female is placed in a courtship chamber containing a filter paper soaked with either hexane (solvent), 11-cis-Vaccenyl acetate (cVA), methyl laurate (ML), methyl myristate (MM), methyl palmitate (MP) or a ML, MM, and MP mix.

(H) Wing extension index displayed by a solitary dsx^brain>TrpA1 virgin female in the presence of each compound at 22°C (gray box) or 33°C (yellow box). (n = 20).

Statistical comparisons of the indicated genotypes at 33°C were made against genotypes at 22°C unless otherwise indicated. A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test was performed in (B), (D), (F), and (H) (^∗∗p < 0.001; ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Error bars, SEM; ns, not significant. Courtship behaviors were measured over 3 min. See also Figure S4.