Table 4.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Impact of Various Parameters Assumptions on the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratios for Infant Universal Routine Vaccination with PCV13 compared to PCV10 in Malaysia and Hong Kong
| Malaysia |
Hong Kong |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost per QALY gained |
Cost per QALY gained |
|||||
| Parameters varied | Lower bound | Upper bound | Interpretation | Lower bound | Upper bound | Interpretation |
| Epidemiological parameters | ||||||
| IPD incidence | $ (5,081) | $ (4,960) | Cost-saving | $ (11,356) | $ (11,268) | Cost-saving |
| Case fatality rate of IPD | $ (5,088) | $ (4,953) | Cost-saving | $ (11,366) | $ (11,258) | Cost-saving |
| Hospitalized pneumonia incidence | $ (5,311) | $ (4,772) | Cost-saving | $ (11,409) | $ (11,196) | Cost-saving |
| Case fatality rate of hospitalized pneumonia | $ (5,455) | $ (4,649) | Cost-saving | $ (12,434) | $ (10,376) | Cost-saving |
| Non-hospitalized pneumonia incidence | $ (5,216) | $ (4,822) | Cost-saving | $ (11,340) | $ (11,284) | Cost-saving |
| Simple AOM incidence | $ (5,141) | $ (4,898) | Cost-saving | $ (11,314) | $ (11,310) | Cost-saving |
| Complex AOM incidence | $ (5,031) | $ (5,009) | Cost-saving | $ (11,320) | $ (11,304) | Cost-saving |
| Vaccine effectiveness | ||||||
| Direct effectiveness against IPD | $ (5,073) | $ (4,986) | Cost-saving | $ (11,314) | $ (11,310) | Cost-saving |
| Direct effectiveness against hospitalized pneumonia | $ (5,264) | $ (4,801) | Cost-saving | $ (11,316) | $ (11,308) | Cost-saving |
| Direct effectiveness against non-hospitalized pneumonia | $ (5,029) | $ (5,010) | Cost-saving | $ (11,340) | $ (11,283) | Cost-saving |
| Direct effectiveness against simple AOM | $ (5,099) | $ (4,940) | Cost-saving | $ (11,313) | $ (11,311) | Cost-saving |
| Direct effectiveness against complex AOM | $ (5,030) | $ (5,010) | Cost-saving | $ (11,315) | $ (11,309) | Cost-saving |
| Waning of direct effectiveness | $ (5,033) | $ (5,007) | Cost-saving | $ (11,325) | $ (11,299) | Cost-saving |
| Vaccine coverage-PCV10 | $ (6,952) | $ (3,498) | Cost-saving | $ (11,419) | $ (11,205) | Cost-saving |
| Vaccine coverage-PCV13 | $ (6,760) | $ (3,347) | Cost-saving | $ (11,498) | $ (11,126) | Cost-saving |
| Cost parameters | ||||||
| Direct cost of treating one episode of IPD | $ (5,026) | $ (5,013) | Cost-saving | $ (11,323) | $ (11,301) | Cost-saving |
| Direct cost of treating one episode of hospitalized pneumonia | $ (5,144) | $ (4,896) | Cost-saving | $ (12,370) | $ (10,254) | Cost-saving |
| Direct cost of treating one episode of non-hospitalized pneumonia | $ (5,120) | $ (4,919) | Cost-saving | $ (11,344) | $ (11,280) | Cost-saving |
| Direct cost of treating one episode of simple AOM | $ (5,084) | $ (4,955) | Cost-saving | $ (11,315) | $ (11,309) | Cost-saving |
| Direct cost of treating one episode of complex AOM | $ (5,029) | $ (5,010) | Cost-saving | $ (11,318) | $ (11,305) | Cost-saving |
| Indirect cost of treating one episode of IPD | $ (5,022) | $ (5,018) | Cost-saving | $ (11,319) | $ (11,305) | Cost-saving |
| Indirect cost of treating one episode of hospitalized pneumonia | $ (5,029) | $ (5,010) | Cost-saving | $ (11,395) | $ (11,229) | Cost-saving |
| Indirect cost of treating one episode of non-hospitalized pneumonia | $ (5,133) | $ (4,906) | Cost-saving | $ (11,330) | $ (11,293) | Cost-saving |
| Indirect cost of treating one episode of simple AOM | $ (5,089) | $ (4,950) | Cost-saving | $ (11,319) | $ (11,304) | Cost-saving |
| Indirect cost of treating one episode of complex AOM | $ (5,021) | $ (5,018) | Cost-saving | $ (11,315) | $ (11,309) | Cost-saving |
Notes. Abbreviations: QALY, quality adjusted life year. All monetary values are in US dollars. Cost saving means that PCV13 has a higher net public health impact (more benefit) and lower net cost (less cost) than PCV10. Societal perspective includes net medical costs.