Table 2.
Multilevel logistic regression coefficients estimating the log-odds of death among U.S-born women aged 45–89 years.
| Characteristics of women |
Characteristics of states |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Race | Education | Economic well-being | Marital status | Economic environment | Social cohesion | Socio-political orientation | Physical infra-structure | Tobacco environment | Full model | State only | |
| Intercept | −6.000⁎⁎⁎ | −6.032⁎⁎⁎ | −6.061⁎⁎⁎ | −5.895⁎⁎⁎ | −5.703⁎⁎⁎ | −5.704⁎⁎⁎ | −5.705⁎⁎⁎ | −5.703⁎⁎⁎ | −5.707⁎⁎⁎ | −5.702⁎⁎⁎ | −5.705⁎⁎⁎ | −6.003⁎⁎⁎ |
| Level 1: Individual | ||||||||||||
| Age | 0.087⁎⁎⁎ | 0.088⁎⁎⁎ | 0.085⁎⁎⁎ | 0.077⁎⁎⁎ | 0.072⁎⁎⁎ | 0.072⁎⁎⁎ | 0.072⁎⁎⁎ | 0.072⁎⁎⁎ | 0.072⁎⁎⁎ | 0.072⁎⁎⁎ | 0.072⁎⁎⁎ | 0.087⁎⁎⁎ |
| Race/ethnicity (NHW) | ||||||||||||
| NHB | 0.353⁎⁎⁎ | 0.296⁎⁎⁎ | 0.274⁎⁎⁎ | 0.248⁎⁎⁎ | 0.249⁎⁎⁎ | 0.240⁎⁎⁎ | 0.248⁎⁎⁎ | 0.247⁎⁎⁎ | 0.245⁎⁎⁎ | 0.234⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| Other | −0.003 | |||||||||||
| Education (HS) | ||||||||||||
| Less than HS | 0.178⁎⁎⁎ | 0.130⁎⁎⁎ | 0.121⁎⁎⁎ | 0.121⁎⁎⁎ | 0.119⁎⁎⁎ | 0.121⁎⁎⁎ | 0.121⁎⁎⁎ | 0.120⁎⁎⁎ | 0.120⁎⁎⁎ | |||
| More than HS | −0.118⁎⁎⁎ | −0.089⁎⁎⁎ | −0.098⁎⁎⁎ | −0.097⁎⁎⁎ | −0.098⁎⁎⁎ | −0.098⁎⁎⁎ | −0.097⁎⁎⁎ | −0.098⁎⁎⁎ | −0.098⁎⁎⁎ | |||
| Employed | −0.532⁎⁎⁎ | −0.571⁎⁎⁎ | −0.572⁎⁎⁎ | −0.571⁎⁎⁎ | −0.571⁎⁎⁎ | −0.571⁎⁎⁎ | −0.571⁎⁎⁎ | −0.570⁎⁎⁎ | ||||
| Income−to-poverty<1 | 0.146⁎⁎⁎ | 0.080⁎⁎⁎ | 0.082⁎⁎⁎ | 0.079⁎⁎⁎ | 0.080⁎⁎⁎ | 0.082⁎⁎⁎ | 0.080⁎⁎⁎ | 0.081⁎⁎⁎ | ||||
| Married | −0.253⁎⁎⁎ | −0.253⁎⁎⁎ | −0.254⁎⁎⁎ | −0.253⁎⁎⁎ | −0.253⁎⁎⁎ | −0.254⁎⁎⁎ | −0.253⁎⁎⁎ | |||||
| Level 2: State | ||||||||||||
| Economic environment | 0.022† | 0.027⁎ | 0.029⁎ | |||||||||
| Social cohesion | 0.035⁎⁎⁎ | 0.026⁎ | 0.063⁎⁎⁎ | |||||||||
| Sociopolitical orientation | 0.007 | 0.014 | 0.007 | |||||||||
| Physical infrastructure | 0.029⁎⁎ | 0.018 | 0.007 | |||||||||
| Tobacco environment | 0.019† | 0.020† | 0.036⁎⁎ | |||||||||
| State residual | 0.091⁎⁎⁎ | 0.076⁎⁎⁎ | 0.073⁎⁎⁎ | 0.071⁎⁎⁎ | 0.064⁎⁎⁎ | 0.059⁎⁎⁎ | 0.052⁎⁎⁎ | 0.063⁎⁎⁎ | 0.052⁎⁎⁎ | 0.062⁎⁎⁎ | 0.035⁎⁎ | 0.043⁎⁎⁎ |
Notes: Reference groups in parentheses. In all models, the number of deaths=24,754 and number of person-quarter records=5,959,576. NHW=non-Hispanic white; NHB=non-Hispanic black; HS=high school. Models are not weighted. In the state economics model, the p-value for economic environment is 0.052; in the tobacco environment model, the p-value for tobacco is 0.090; in full model the p-value for tobacco environment is 0.060.
⁎
p<0.05.
⁎⁎
p<0.01.
⁎⁎⁎
p<0.001.
†
p<0.10.