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Mean biochemical circadian rhythms in healthy controls (N = 18). (a) Circadian rhythms of salivary cortisol in healthy controls. (b) Circadian rhythms of relative PER1/ARNTL expression levels in healthy controls. Black dots indicate mean ± SEM, curved black lines indicate the fitted sine curves of mean values, and broken red lines indicate the timing of the acrophases of each circadian rhythm.
