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Mean biochemical circadian rhythms in manic episodes (majority, N = 21 episodes). (a) Circadian rhythms of salivary cortisol in manic episodes (majority). (b) Circadian rhythms of relative PER1/ARNTL expression levels in manic episodes (majority). Black dots indicate mean ± SEM, curved black lines indicate the fitted sine curves of mean values, and broken red lines indicate acrophases of each circadian rhythms.
