Table 3.

Associations between cognitive performance and depression with adiposity (standardized), in European Americans and African Americans

Outcome	Adipose measure	European American RR (CI)	p-value	African American RR (CI)	p-value	Full sample RR (CI)	p-value	Interaction p-value
3MS	BMI	0.94 (1.05, 0.85)	0.27	0.99 (1.02, 0.96)	0.62	0.98 (1.03, 0.93)	0.47	0.93
	WC	0.95 (1.03, 0.88)	0.22	0.95 (0.99, 0.92)	0.0052	0.95 (1.00, 0.90)	0.07	0.73
	PAT	0.96 (1.03, 0.89)	0.22	0.99 (1.03, 0.95)	0.70	0.97 (1.02, 0.92)	0.21	0.24
	VAT	0.98 (1.06, 0.90)	0.60	1.00 (1.05, 0.94)	0.87	0.98 (1.04, 0.93)	0.60	0.66
	SAT	1.01 (1.08, 0.94)	0.79	0.95 (0.99, 0.91)	0.0191	0.98 (1.04, 0.93)	0.47	0.11
Digit symbol coding	BMI	0.95 (0.91, 1.00)	0.0364	1.01 (0.99, 1.02)	0.48	0.99 (0.97, 1.01)	0.28	0.0241
	WC	0.94 (0.91, 0.97)	0.0007	0.98 (0.97, 1.00)	0.08	0.97 (0.94, 0.99)	0.0034	0.0137
	PAT	0.96 (0.92, 0.99)	0.0092	0.99 (0.97, 1.01)	0.47	0.97 (0.94, 0.99)	0.0137	0.20
	VAT	0.98 (0.96, 1.01)	0.20	1.04 (1.00, 1.07)	0.0250	0.99 (0.97, 1.02)	0.52	0.08
	SAT	0.99 (0.97, 1.02)	0.55	1.00 (0.98, 1.02)	0.90	1.00 (0.97, 1.02)	0.69	0.91
RAVLT delayed recall	BMI	0.92 (0.86, 0.98)	0.0062	0.99 (0.95, 1.04)	0.68	0.97 (0.93, 1.01)	0.14	0.27
	WC	0.95 (0.89, 1.02)	0.16	0.95 (0.91, 1.00)	0.07	0.96 (0.92, 1.01)	0.10	0.42
	PAT	0.97 (0.92, 1.02)	0.27	0.96 (0.89, 1.02)	0.18	0.96 (0.92, 1.01)	0.10	0.68
	VAT	0.98 (0.93, 1.02)	0.28	0.96 (0.87, 1.05)	0.39	0.97 (0.93, 1.01)	0.19	0.59
	SAT	0.97 (0.93, 1.02)	0.30	0.95 (0.89, 1.02)	0.16	0.97 (0.93, 1.01)	0.12	0.57
Stroop (trial 3- trial 1)	BMI	1.07 (0.97, 1.17)	0.16	0.97 (0.95, 0.99)	0.0010	1.00 (0.95, 1.04)	0.90	0.08
	WC	1.05 (0.98, 1.11)	0.16	0.97 (0.95, 0.99)	0.0040	1.00 (0.95, 1.05)	0.98	0.05
	PAT	1.03 (0.96, 1.11)	0.38	1.06 (1.03, 1.08)	0.0001	1.04 (0.99, 1.10)	0.09	0.81
	VAT	1.01 (0.96, 1.07)	0.63	0.98 (0.94, 1.02)	0.26	1.01 (0.96, 1.07)	0.61	0.27
	SAT	1.02 (0.97, 1.08)	0.41	0.95 (0.92, 0.97)	0.0001	1.00 (0.96, 1.05)	0.97	0.16
Letter fluency	BMI	0.97 (0.91, 1.03)	0.35	0.96 (0.93, 1.00)	0.0360	0.97 (0.93, 1.00)	0.06	0.72
	WC	0.99 (0.95, 1.03)	0.58	0.97 (0.93, 1.00)	0.06	0.98 (0.94, 1.01)	0.20	0.50
	PAT	1.01 (0.96, 1.06)	0.64	0.95 (0.9, 0.99)	0.021	0.98 (0.94, 1.02)	0.30	0.28
	VAT	1.03 (0.99, 1.07)	0.18	0.97 (0.91, 1.03)	0.31	1.01 (0.97, 1.05)	0.58	0.50
	SAT	1.03 (0.98, 1.07)	0.22	0.93 (0.89, 0.97)	0.0024	0.99 (0.95, 1.02)	0.42	0.0085
CES-D scale	BMI	1.21 (1.08, 1.36)	0.0007	1.04 (1.00, 1.08)	0.0389	1.08 (1.02, 1.15)	0.0116	0.0450
	WC	1.19 (1.10, 1.28)	<0.0001	1.06 (1.02, 1.11)	0.0066	1.10 (1.04, 1.17)	0.0017	0.11
	PAT	1.02 (0.94, 1.11)	0.61	1.08 (1.02, 1.13)	0.0058	1.04 (0.98, 1.11)	0.22	0.23
	VAT	1.01 (0.94, 1.08)	0.85	1.08 (1.00, 1.17)	0.0396	1.01 (0.96, 1.07)	0.67	0.27
	SAT	1.03 (0.97, 1.09)	0.37	1.05 (0.99, 1.11)	0.08	1.03 (0.98, 1.08)	0.30	0.62

Estimates are per standard deviation increment in the full cohort: 8.0 kg/m² BMI, 18.6 cm WC, 51.9 cm³ PAT, 132.6 cm³ VAT, and 220.9 cm³ SAT.

Adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, hypertension, HbA1c, statins, CVD, and time between scans in ethnicity-specific analyses.

Additional adjustment was performed for ethnicity in the full-sample analysis.

Additional adjustment for African ancestry proportion was performed in African Americans. P-vales less than 0.0014 (=0.05/30) were considered significant (bolded).

EA: European American; AA: African American; BMI: body mass index; RR: relative risk; WC: waist circumference; PAT: pericardial adipose tissue;

VAT: visceral adipose tissue; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; 3MS: Modified Mini-Mental State Examination; RAVLT: Auditory-Verbal Learning Test; COWA: Controlled Oral Word Association; CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression.