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. 2016 Oct 5;7:447. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00447

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Copyright © 2016 Peng, Kashio, Li, Dong, Tominaga and Kadowaki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Loss of heat-activation with the chimeric VdTRPA1L channels. Two upper traces indicate the changes of intracellular calcium level in transfected (DsRed+) and non-transfected (DsRed-) cells with three chimeric VdTRPA1L channels in which the AR6, AR7, or ARs 6 and 7 were replaced by the corresponding ARs of HsTRPA1 (VdTRPA1L_human AR6, VdTRPA1L_human AR7, and VdTRPA1L_human ARs6/7) as well as DsRed by heat. Each line represents the intracellular calcium level in the individual cell measured by calcium imaging. The arrows show the time points when 5 μM ionomycin was added. The bottom traces show the changes of bath temperature by time (sec, second).