Table 3.

Multivariate analysis using Cox’s proportional hazards model and a stepwise procedure to identify

Covariates	P value	Hazard ratio	95% CI
Age*	0.019	1.024	1.004–1.045
Depth of invasion (T1–T4)†	< 0.0001	1.942	1.437–2.625
Lymph node metastasis (N0–N3)‡	< 0.0001	1.545	1.265–1.887
Intra-abdominal complication	0.0001	2.633	1.610–4.305

*Continuous variable. †T1: tumor has invaded lamina propria or submucosa; T2: tumor has invaded the muscularis propria; T3: tumor has invaded the subserosa; T4: tumor invasion is contiguous to or exposed beyond the serosa or tumor invades adjacent structures. ‡N0: no regional lymph node metastases; N1: metastasis in 1–2 regional lymph nodes; N2: metastasis in 3–6 regional lymph nodes; N3: metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes. CI, confidence interval.