Figure 1. Niamey 2003–2004 brightness and measles cases.

(A) Left: map of Africa, Niger shaded grey; right: map of Niger showing three largest cities, each is a health district. (B) Reported measles cases by commune for Niamey’s 2003–2004 outbreak. Vertical dashed line indicates start of reactive immunization campaign. Inset: Pixels of Niamey: communes outlined in black, faded pixels outside communes show peripheral areas. Colors indicate communes for (B,C). (C) Solid lines: brightness within each commune’s boundaries (bright pixels in (B)). Dashed lines: brightness for each commune including associated peripheries (bright and faded pixels in (B)). Vertical line: start of reactive immunization campaign. Maps are GADM shapefiles³³ drawn and edited in R version 1.7.1 (https://cran.r-project.org)⁴⁷, finished in Adobe Illustrator CS3 (http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html).