Table 2. Clinical Characteristics of UGIH Patients in the Development and the Validation Data.
| Characteristics | Development (n = 984) | Validation (n = 423) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | ± SD | mean | ± SD | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Male (n, %) | 651 | 66.2 | 298 | 70.4 | 0.121 |
| Age (year) | 58.6 | ± 15.6 | 59.4 | ± 16.5 | 0.407 |
| Mode of presentation (n, %) | |||||
| Hematemesis | 455 | 46.2 | 183 | 43.3 | 0.321 |
| Coffee ground vomiting | 196 | 19.9 | 76 | 18.0 | 0.419 |
| Hematochezia | 65 | 6.6 | 33 | 7.8 | 0.425 |
| Melena | 574 | 58.3 | 227 | 53.7 | 0.113 |
| Syncope | 192 | 19.5 | 73 | 17.3 | 0.335 |
| Hemodynamics | |||||
| Pulse (/min) | 91.4 | ± 16.0 | 91.5 | ± 16.0 | 0.879 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.0 | ± 23.0 | 121.3 | ± 23.3 | 0.078 |
| Biochemicals | |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 8.1 | ± 2.9 | 8.0 | ± 2.9 | 0.511 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 33.6 | ± 21.3 | 35.1 | ± 23.0 | 0.223 |
| Co-morbidities (n, %) | |||||
| Cirrhosis | 141 | 14.3 | 55 | 13.0 | 0.557 |
| Hepatic failure | 8 | 0.8 | 8 | 1.9 | 0.099 |
| Cardiac failure | 9 | 0.9 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.999 |
| Renal failure | 69 | 7.0 | 49 | 11.6 | 0.006 |
| Criterion-classified severity (n, %) | |||||
| Mild | 241 | 24.5 | 99 | 23.4 | 0.408 |
| Moderate | 631 | 64.1 | 268 | 63.4 | |
| Severe | 112 | 11.4 | 56 | 13.2 | |
| Clinical outcomes (n, %) | |||||
| Re-bleeding | 64 | 6.5 | 14 | 3.3 | 0.016 |
| Dead | 20 | 2.0 | 20 | 4.7 | 0.008 |
SD: standard deviation.