TABLE 3.

Dosing Error by Dosing Tool Type and Randomization Group, Stratified by Health Literacy and Language (n = 2058)

			% Trials With Errors/Parenta	Dosing Error (>20% deviation)
				Pb	aORc	95% CI	P
By Health Literacy
Low health literacy (n = 740)
Unit of measurement pairing on label vs dosing tool
Group	Label Unit	Tool Unit
1	mL	mL	32.4	.03	1.0	Ref	Ref
2	mL and tsp	mL and tsp	28.5		0.8	0.6–1.1	.2
3	mL and teaspoon	mL and tsp	30.2		0.9	0.7–1.2	.4
4	mL	mL and tsp	31.9		1.0	0.7–1.3	.9
5	teaspoon	mL and tsp	38.7		1.3	0.98–1.7	.07
Dosing tool type
Cup			48.9	<.001	3.4	3.0–3.9	<.001
Syringe (0.2-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			24.9		1.1	0.98–1.2	.1
Syringe (0.5-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			23.6		1.0	Ref	Ref
Marginal health literacy (n = 843)
Unit of measurement pairing on label vs dosing tool
Group	Label Unit	Tool Unit
1	mL	mL	21.8	.2	1.0	Ref	Ref
2	mL and tsp	mL and tsp	21.5		0.9	0.7–1.2	.6
3	mL and teaspoon	mL and tsp	22.2		0.97	0.7–1.3	.8
4	mL	mL and tsp	24.5		1.1	0.9–1.5	.4
5	teaspoon	mL and tsp	28.6		1.3	0.95–1.7	.1
Dosing tool type
Cup			43.1	<.001	5.6	4.8–6.6	<.001
Syringe (0.2-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			13.8		1.0	0.9–1.2	.8
Syringe (0.5-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			13.7		1.0	Ref	Ref
Adequate health literacy (n = 475)
Unit of measurement pairing on label vs dosing tool
Group	Label Unit	Tool Unit
1	mL	mL	20.3	.2	1.0	Ref	Ref
2	mL and tsp	mL and tsp	16.3		0.9	0.6–1.3	.5
3	mL and teaspoon	mL and tsp	14.0		0.7	0.5–1.01	.1
4	mL	mL and tsp	14.6		0.7	0.5–1.05	.1
5	teaspoon	mL and tsp	18.8		0.9	0.7–1.4	.7
Dosing tool type
Cup			33.6	<.001	6.5	5.0–8.5	<.001
Syringe (0.2-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			8.2		0.9	0.7–1.2	.4
Syringe (0.5-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			8.8		1.0	Ref	Ref
By Language
English (n = 1334)
Unit of measurement pairing on label vs dosing tool
Group	Label Unit	Tool Unit
1	mL	mL	25.6	0.2	1.0	Ref	Ref
2	mL and tsp	mL and tsp	22.0		0.8	0.7–1.02	.07
3	mL and teaspoon	mL and tsp	21.3		0.8	0.6–0.96	.02
4	mL	mL and tsp	23.7		0.9	0.7–1.06	.2
5	teaspoon	mL and tsp	25.2		0.9	0.7–1.1	.4
Dosing tool type
Cup			42.0	<.001	5.2	4.5–5.9	<.001
Syringe (0.2-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			14.2		1.0	0.9–1.1	.8
Syringe (0.5-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			14.3		1.0	Ref	Ref
Spanish (n = 724)
Unit of measurement pairing on label vs dosing tool
Group	Label Unit	Tool Unit
1	mL	mL	24.9	<.001	1.0	Ref	Ref
2	mL and tsp	mL and tsp	24.1		1.0	0.8–1.3	.9
3	mL and teaspoon	mL and tsp	26.5		1.1	0.8–1.4	.7
4	mL	mL and tsp	28.7		1.2	0.9–1.6	.2
5	teaspoon	mL and tsp	38.3		2.0	1.5–2.6	<.001
Dosing tool type
Cup			44.7	<.001	3.9	3.3–4.5	<.001
Syringe (0.2-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			20.8		1.1	0.98–1.2	.1
Syringe (0.5-mL increment, 10-mL capacity)			19.5		1.0	Ref	Ref

Ref, referent.

^aPercentage of trials with dosing errors per parent.

^bType 3 χ² from full model.

^cFull model adjusting for randomization group, tool type, dose amount, dosing order, language, and health literacy. Models by health literacy adjusting for all except health literacy; models for language adjusting for all except language.