Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of OAC experienced patients
| All study population |
Apixaban |
Rivaroxaban |
Dabigatran |
VKA |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=2861 |
N=482 |
N=1576 |
N=814 |
N=106 |
||||||
| Gender (n, %) | ||||||||||
| Male | 1523 | 53.2% | 241 | 50.0% | 837 | 53.1% | 443 | 54.4% | 55 | 51.9% |
| Female | 1338 | 46.8% | 241 | 50.0% | 739 | 46.9% | 371 | 45.6% | 51 | 48.1% |
| Country (n, %) | ||||||||||
| England | 2095 | 73.2% | 315 | 65.4% | 1109 | 70.4% | 675 | 82.9% | 85 | 80.2% |
| Scotland | 426 | 14.9% | 75 | 15.6% | 311 | 19.7% | 38 | 4.7% | 12 | 11.3% |
| Northern Ireland | 153 | 5.3% | 57 | 11.8% | 68 | 4.3% | 31 | 3.8% | 5 | 4.7% |
| Age (years) at index date | N*=2978 | |||||||||
| Median (IQR) | 77.0 (69.0–84.0) | 77.0 (69.0–83.0) | 78.0 (70.0–84.0) | 76.0 (68.0–82.0) | 75.0 (68.0–80.0) | |||||
| Time (months) between AF diagnosis and index date | N*=2978 | |||||||||
| Median (IQR) | 46.1 (13.8–98.9) | 44.2 (13.8–91.9) | 54.2 (18.2–109.0) | 40.7 (11.5–89.4) | 5.4 (1.7–19.1) | |||||
| History of stroke risk factors on or ever prior to index date (n, %) | N*=2978 | |||||||||
| Stroke or transient ischaemic attack | 812 | 27.3% | 146 | 30.3% | 415 | 26.3% | 229 | 28.1% | 22 | 20.8% |
| Congestive heart failure | 599 | 20.1% | 103 | 21.4% | 314 | 19.9% | 164 | 20.1% | 18 | 17.0% |
| Vascular disease | 905 | 30.4% | 157 | 32.6% | 506 | 32.1% | 214 | 26.3% | 28 | 26.4% |
| Hypertension | 1852 | 62.2% | 298 | 61.8% | 985 | 62.5% | 500 | 61.4% | 69 | 65.1% |
| Diabetes | 641 | 21.5% | 110 | 22.8% | 352 | 22.3% | 152 | 18.7% | 27 | 25.5% |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score at index date (n, %) | N*=2978 | |||||||||
| <2 | 323 | 10.8% | 47 | 9.8% | 156 | 9.9% | 106 | 13.0% | 14 | 13.2% |
| ≥2 | 2655 | 89.2% | 435 | 90.2% | 1420 | 90.1% | 708 | 87.0% | 92 | 86.8% |
| History of events on or ever prior to index date (n, %) | N*=2978 | |||||||||
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 377 | 12.7% | 62 | 12.9% | 191 | 12.1% | 116 | 14.3% | 8 | 7.5% |
| Other bleeding† | 786 | 26.4% | 148 | 30.7% | 416 | 26.4% | 200 | 24.6% | 22 | 20.8% |
| Any bleeding† | 1058 | 35.5% | 185 | 38.4% | 559 | 35.5% | 286 | 35.1% | 28 | 26.4% |
| HAS-BLED score‡ at index date (n, %) | N*=2978 | |||||||||
| <3 | 619 | 20.8% | 93 | 19.3% | 333 | 21.1% | 172 | 21.1% | 21 | 19.8% |
| ≥3 | 2359 | 79.2% | 389 | 80.7% | 1243 | 78.9% | 642 | 78.9% | 85 | 80.2% |
| Concomitant therapy§ (n, %) | N*=2978 | |||||||||
| Antiplatelet | 295 | 9.9% | 50 | 10.4% | 144 | 9.1% | 83 | 10.2% | 18 | 17.0% |
| Aspirin | 221 | 7.4% | 38 | 7.9% | 111 | 7.0% | 60 | 7.4% | 12 | 11.3% |
| Other antiplatelet therapy¶ | 86 | 2.9% | 15 | 3.1% | 39 | 2.5% | 25 | 3.1% | 7 | 6.6% |
| Antiarrhythmic | 260 | 8.7% | 44 | 9.1% | 125 | 7.9% | 80 | 9.8% | 11 | 10.4% |
| Beta-blocker | 1766 | 59.3% | 282 | 58.5% | 919 | 58.3% | 500 | 61.4% | 65 | 61.3% |
| Statin | 1540 | 51.7% | 255 | 52.9% | 830 | 52.7% | 406 | 49.9% | 49 | 46.2% |
| Antidiabetic agent | 388 | 13.0% | 63 | 13.1% | 215 | 13.6% | 97 | 11.9% | 13 | 12.3% |
| Antihypertensive agent | 2587 | 86.9% | 412 | 85.5% | 1366 | 86.7% | 713 | 87.6% | 96 | 90.6% |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 1140 | 38.3% | 184 | 38.2% | 607 | 38.5% | 310 | 38.1% | 39 | 36.8% |
| Anticonvulsant enzymatic inducer | 42 | 1.4% | 9 | 1.9% | 23 | 1.5% | 10 | 1.2% | 0 | 0.0% |
Please note the following characteristics are not presented due to low numbers (<5) in one or more of the OAC cohorts: Wales (n=4), thromboembolism (n=16), GI ulceration (n=188), intracranial bleeding (n=74), liver disease (n=20), parenteral anticoagulants (n=17), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (n=296), rifampicin (no events) and cytochrome P450 inhibitor (n=25).
‘N*’ represents the number of OAC exposures as patients could have multiple OAC exposures during the study period and be in multiple cohorts. However, gender and country do not vary across exposures and are therefore reported once for each patient (ie, ‘N’ represents the number of patients).
†Other bleeding includes intraocular, pericardial, urinary, intra-articular and lung bleedings. Any bleeding includes gastrointestinal, intracranial and other bleeding.
‡Labile international normalised ratio is also a component of the HAS-BLED score but was not included as there is incomplete international normalised ratio recording in CPRD. The HAS-BLED score therefore ranges from 0 to 8.
§Concomitant therapy: prescribed on index date or within 3 months after index date.
¶Other antiplatelet therapy includes abciximab, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine and tirofiban.
CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; OAC, oral anticoagulants.