Table 2.

Average annual unit costs along the HIV testing and counselling and prevention of mother-to-child transmission service cascades (United States dollars).

	Kenya					Rwanda					South Africa					Zambia
	n	Mean	SD	Median	Wt meana	n	Mean	SD	Median	Wt meana	n	Mean	SD	Median	Wt meana	n	Mean	SD	Median	Wt meana
HTC
Average cost per HTC client tested	56	7	7	5	7	53	5	7	3	5	61	31	24	21	31	60	19	19	13	13
Average cost per HTC client diagnosed HIV-positive	56	146	318	55	80	53	1367	2093	591	1057	59	173	157	126	177	58	122	119	90	85
Average cost per HTC client tested (PPP)b	56	15	16	9	12	53	9	13	4	8	61	43	36	26	43	60	35	35	24	23
Average cost per HTC client diagnosed HIV-positive (PPP)	56	291	692	102	146	53	1976	2679	735	1558	59	243	240	161	250	58	222	225	164	153
PMTCT
Average cost per PMTCT client tested	57	59	84	35	49	53	18	20	11	16	44	89	56	81	99	58	49	71	30	35
Average cost per PMTCT client diagnosed HIV-positive	51	673	1037	256	776	53	2021	3210	1159	1582	42	567	417	469	509	56	565	584	402	360
Average cost per PMTCT client receiving ARV prophylaxis	31	1385	3750	275	1262	53	2314	3204	1393	1868	34	704	610	528	765	39	894	1117	483	535
Average cost per infant receiving NVP prophylaxis	26	1329	3965	304	1112	51	2359	3257	1393	1887	10	888	884	462	1085	32	1072	1229	529	650
Average cost per PMTCT client tested (PPP)	57	130	197	71	106	53	34	42	19	29	43	125	81	118	146	58	89	132	55	61
Average cost per PMTCT client diagnosed HIV-positive (PPP)	51	1456	2323	544	1671	53	3943	6807	1830	3042	41	803	627	688	749	56	1025	1105	683	640
Average cost per PMTCT client receiving ARV prophylaxis (PPP)	31	3041	8587	540	2735	53	4496	6806	2546	3568	34	1031	942	757	1120	39	1618	2112	844	944
Average cost per infant receiving NVP prophylaxis (PPP)	26	2921	9109	605	2404	51	4581	6922	2546	3600	10	1290	1364	607	1599	32	1936	2325	925	1125

ARV, antiretroviral; HTC, HIV testing and counselling; n, sample size; NVP, nevirapine; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission; PPP, purchasing power parity; Wt mean, weighted mean; Unit costs in 2013 US$.

^aWeighted mean represents a nationally representative average value, taking into account the relative contribution of each facility in terms of its patient volume. It was calculated as the summation of each data point multiplied by a nonnegative weight (defined as the number of annual HTC clients/outpatient health clients). Therefore, data points with a higher weight contribute more to the weighted mean than do elements with a low weight.

^bStaff costs (nontradable inputs) were adjusted for purchasing power parity differences between countries using 2013 World Bank Data (source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPP).