Fig. 1.

Effect of different vitamins on in vitro growth of Ralstonia solanacearum. In vitro bacterial growths in response to different concentrations of four vitamins (thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, and menadione) during liquid cultures were evaluated. Bacterial numbers were initially inoculated with 10⁶ cfu/ml and indirectly measured using a spectrophotometer with optical density at 600 nm. Relative bacterial growth in the vitamin-treated cultures was expressed as percentage (%) compared to that in non-treated cultures. Error bars represent the standard errors of the means of the four independent experimental replications. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by least significant difference test. The same letter above bars represented no significant difference between treatments.